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Political metaphors and related figurative discourse tools are characterised by their variability and contentiousness. Using them, discourse participants try to gain competitive advantage over others by offering their audiences new meaning nuances, challenging each other and announcing political initiatives. It is here that metaphor as a means to change meanings - and thus, to change social and political reality - comes into its own. Political Metaphor Analysis provides an innovative approach to the study of figurative language use in political discourse by presenting empirical analyses based on a large corpus of political metaphors and metonymies, linking these analyses to theoretical positions and assessing their limitations and perspectives for further exploration. The 'classic' model of conceptual metaphor analysis, pioneered by Lakoff and Johnson (1980) and expanded and amended over the past thirty-five years, is critically examined with regard to new findings about the variation, historicity, pragmatic exploitation, comprehension and interpretation of metaphors. As a central new analytical category, the notion of "metaphor scenario" is proposed and tested against various sub-sets of data. It allows to link hypothesised conceptual metaphors to narrative, argumentative and evaluative patterns in actual discourse and understanding processes, so that their cognitive significance can be more reliably gauged and theoretically modelled.

Lexicology. Semantics --- Politics --- Pragmatics --- Mass communications --- Metaphor --- Discourse analysis --- Communication in politics. --- Political aspects. --- Parabole --- Figures of speech --- Reification --- Metaphor. --- Discourse grammar --- Text grammar --- Semantics --- Semiotics

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Analogy --- Discourse analysis --- Metaphor --- Parabole --- Figures of speech --- Reification --- Discourse grammar --- Text grammar --- Semantics --- Semiotics --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Reasoning --- Political aspects --- Europe --- Politics and government --- Mass communications --- Pragmatics --- Discourse analysis - Political aspects. --- Metaphor. --- Métaphore --- Discours --- Europe - Politics and government

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This book presents the results of a large-scale experiment into interpretations of the metaphor “the Nation as a Body” among 1,800+ respondents from 30 linguistic and cultural backgrounds. In this first account of an empirical study of cross-cultural global metaphor interpretation of that scale, Musolff confirms that the meanings of metaphors are complex, culturally mediated and may differ for senders and recipients. The book provides a historical and cultural map of the traditions underlying differences in how the nation as a body – or, “the body politic” – is understood. Musolff challenges the hypotheses of the universality of “the nation” as a predominantly male-gendered and hierarchically organized concept and, in so doing, puts into question some of the key presuppositions of traditional historical and cognitive approaches to metaphor. For scholars and students of figurative language, the book lays out methodological foundations for cross-cultural metaphor comparison and reveals hidden meaning differences in political metaphor in English as lingua franca.

Sociolinguistics. --- Language and languages—Philosophy. --- Political theory. --- Civilization—History. --- Philosophy of Language. --- Political Theory. --- Cultural History. --- Administration --- Civil government --- Commonwealth, The --- Government --- Political theory --- Political thought --- Politics --- Science, Political --- Social sciences --- State, The --- Language and languages --- Language and society --- Society and language --- Sociology of language --- Language and culture --- Linguistics --- Sociology --- Integrational linguistics (Oxford school) --- Social aspects --- Sociological aspects --- Metaphor --- Political aspects. --- Parabole --- Figures of speech --- Reification

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This book presents the results of a large-scale experiment into interpretations of the metaphor “the Nation as a Body” among 1,800+ respondents from 30 linguistic and cultural backgrounds. In this first account of an empirical study of cross-cultural global metaphor interpretation of that scale, Musolff confirms that the meanings of metaphors are complex, culturally mediated and may differ for senders and recipients. The book provides a historical and cultural map of the traditions underlying differences in how the nation as a body – or, “the body politic” – is understood. Musolff challenges the hypotheses of the universality of “the nation” as a predominantly male-gendered and hierarchically organized concept and, in so doing, puts into question some of the key presuppositions of traditional historical and cognitive approaches to metaphor. For scholars and students of figurative language, the book lays out methodological foundations for cross-cultural metaphor comparison and reveals hidden meaning differences in political metaphor in English as lingua franca.

Politics --- Sociolinguistics --- Philosophy of language --- History of civilization --- cultuurgeschiedenis --- politiek --- taalfilosofie --- sociolinguïstiek --- Sociolinguistique --- Philosophie du langage --- Idées politiques --- Civilisation --- Histoire

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Inhoudsopgave : -- A discourse-centred perspective on metaphorical meaning and understanding / Jörg Zinken and Andreas Musolff -- Metaphor, culture and discourse : the pressure of coherence / Zoltán Kövecses -- Three kinds of metaphor in discourse : a linguistic taxonomy / Gerard Steen -- Reading sonnet 30 : discourse, metaphor and blending / Paul Chilton -- Collecting political meaning from the count of metaphor / Christ'l De Landtsheer -- Metaphor and context : a perspective from artificial intelligence / John Barnden -- Metaphor and political communication / Jonathan Charteris-Black -- Missions and empires : religious and political metaphors in corporate discourse / Veronika Koller -- How business press headlines get their message across : a different perspective on metaphor / Michael White and Honesto Herrera -- MRSA : portrait of a superbug : a media drama in three acts / Brigitte Nerlich and Nelya Koteyko -- Shifting identities : metaphors of discourse evolution / Roslyn M. Frank -- 'Neither a borrower nor a lender be' : linguistic mercantilism in Renaissance France / David Cowling -- Interpretations of the body politic and of natural bodies in late sixteenth-century France / Kathryn Banks -- Bodies politic and bodies cosmic : the Roman stoic theory of the 'two cities' / Jeffery Zavadil -- Metaphor in the history of ideas and discourses : how can we interpret a medieval version of the Body-state analogy? / Andreas Musolff -- Studying metaphor in discourse : some lessons, challenges and new data / Raymond W. Gibbs, Jr. and Julia E. Lonergan.

Lexicology. Semantics --- Pragmatics --- Metaphor --- Discourse analysis --- Metaphor. --- Discourse analysis. --- Discoursanalyse --- Metaforen --- Discoursanalyse. --- Metaforen. --- Parabole --- Figures of speech --- Reification --- Discourse grammar --- Text grammar --- Semantics --- Semiotics --- Analyse du discours --- Métaphore --- Métaphore