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Brain imaging brings together the technology, methodology, research questions and approaches of a wide range of scientific fields including physics, statistics, computer science, neuroscience, biology, and engineering. Thus, methodological and technological advances that enable us to obtain measurements, examine relationships across observations, and link these data to neuroscientific hypotheses happen in a highly interdisciplinary environment. The dynamic field of machine learning with its modern approach to data mining provides many relevant approaches for neuroscience and enables the exploration of open questions. This state-of-the-art survey offers a collection of papers from the Workshop on Machine Learning and Interpretation in Neuroimaging, MLINI 2011, held at the 25th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing, NIPS 2011, in the Sierra Nevada, Spain, in December 2011. Additionally, invited speakers agreed to contribute reviews on various aspects of the field, adding breadth and perspective to the volume. The 32 revised papers were carefully selected from 48 submissions. At the interface between machine learning and neuroimaging the papers aim at shedding some light on the state of the art in this interdisciplinary field. They are organized in topical sections on coding and decoding, neuroscience, dynamcis, connectivity, and probabilistic models and machine learning.

Machine learning --- Artificial intelligence --- Brain --- Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted --- Computing Methodologies --- Diagnostic Imaging --- Decision Making, Computer-Assisted --- Information Science --- Diagnosis --- Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures --- Medical Informatics Applications --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Medical Informatics --- Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted --- Artificial Intelligence --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Electrical & Computer Engineering --- Computer Science --- Technology - General --- Electrical Engineering --- Applied Physics --- Medical applications --- Imaging --- Data processing --- Computational Intelligence --- AI (Artificial Intelligence) --- Computer Reasoning --- Computer Vision Systems --- Knowledge Acquisition (Computer) --- Knowledge Representation (Computer) --- Machine Intelligence --- Acquisition, Knowledge (Computer) --- Computer Vision System --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligence, Computational --- Intelligence, Machine --- Knowledge Representations (Computer) --- Reasoning, Computer --- Representation, Knowledge (Computer) --- System, Computer Vision --- Systems, Computer Vision --- Vision System, Computer --- Vision Systems, Computer --- Image Interpretation, Computer Assisted --- Computer-Assisted Image Interpretation --- Computer-Assisted Image Interpretations --- Image Interpretations, Computer-Assisted --- Interpretation, Computer-Assisted Image --- Interpretations, Computer-Assisted Image --- Computer Science, Medical --- Health Information Technology --- Informatics, Clinical --- Informatics, Medical --- Information Science, Medical --- Clinical Informatics --- Medical Computer Science --- Medical Information Science --- Health Information Technologies --- Information Technologies, Health --- Information Technology, Health --- Medical Computer Sciences --- Medical Information Sciences --- Science, Medical Computer --- Technologies, Health Information --- Technology, Health Information --- Application, Medical Informatics --- Applications, Medical Informatics --- Informatics Applications, Medical --- Informatics Application, Medical --- Medical Informatics Application --- Diagnostic Technics and Procedures --- Technics and Procedures, Diagnostic --- Techniques and Procedures, Diagnostic --- Antemortem Diagnosis --- Diagnoses and Examinations --- Examinations and Diagnoses --- Postmortem Diagnosis --- Antemortem Diagnoses --- Diagnoses --- Diagnoses, Antemortem --- Diagnoses, Postmortem --- Diagnosis, Antemortem --- Diagnosis, Postmortem --- Postmortem Diagnoses --- Disease --- Information Sciences --- Science, Information --- Sciences, Information --- Computer-Assisted Decision Making --- Medical Decision Making, Computer-Assisted --- Computer Assisted Decision Making --- Decision Making, Computer Assisted --- Medical Decision Making, Computer Assisted --- Imaging, Diagnostic --- Imaging, Medical --- Medical Imaging --- High Performance Computing --- Methodologies, Computing --- Computing Methodology --- Computing, High Performance --- Methodology, Computing --- Performance Computing, High --- Computer-Assisted Diagnosis --- Computer Assisted Diagnosis --- Computer-Assisted Diagnoses --- Diagnoses, Computer-Assisted --- Diagnosis, Computer Assisted --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Learning, Machine --- methods --- diagnosis --- Computer science. --- Mathematical statistics. --- Data mining. --- Computer graphics. --- Image processing. --- Pattern recognition. --- Application software. --- Computer Science. --- Computer Imaging, Vision, Pattern Recognition and Graphics. --- Pattern Recognition. --- Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery. --- Probability and Statistics in Computer Science. --- Image Processing and Computer Vision. --- Computer Applications. --- Application computer programs --- Application computer software --- Applications software --- Apps (Computer software) --- Computer software --- Design perception --- Pattern recognition --- Form perception --- Perception --- Figure-ground perception --- Pictorial data processing --- Picture processing --- Processing, Image --- Imaging systems --- Optical data processing --- Automatic drafting --- Graphic data processing --- Graphics, Computer --- Computer art --- Graphic arts --- Electronic data processing --- Engineering graphics --- Image processing --- Algorithmic knowledge discovery --- Factual data analysis --- KDD (Information retrieval) --- Knowledge discovery in data --- Knowledge discovery in databases --- Mining, Data --- Database searching --- Mathematics --- Statistical inference --- Statistics, Mathematical --- Statistics --- Probabilities --- Sampling (Statistics) --- Informatics --- Science --- Digital techniques --- Statistical methods --- Computer vision. --- Optical pattern recognition. --- Pattern perception --- Perceptrons --- Visual discrimination --- Machine vision --- Vision, Computer --- Pattern recognition systems --- Cerebrum --- Mind --- Central nervous system --- Head --- Optical data processing. --- Optical computing --- Visual data processing --- Bionics --- Integrated optics --- Photonics --- Computers --- Optical equipment