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This book is a comprehensive introduction into Organic Computing (OC), a technology for self-organising, self-adaptive, autonomous systems. OC has been conceived about 15 years ago. In the mean time many aspects of OC have been investigated in much detail. A DFG Priority Program and a DFG Research Unit have developed basic OC concepts and have shown their utility in practical applications. This book systematically presents the current state-of-the-art in OC. It starts with motivating examples of self-organising, self-adaptive and emergent systems, derives their common characteristics and explains the fundamental ideas for a formal characterisation of such systems. Special emphasis is given to a quantitative treatment of concepts like self-organisation, emergence, autonomy, robustness, and adaptivity. The book shows practical examples of architectures for OC systems and their applications in traffic control, grid computing, sensor networks, robotics, and smart camera systems. The extension of single OC systems into collective systems consisting of social agents based on concepts like trust and reputation is explained. OC makes heavy use of learning and optimisation technologies; a compact overview of these technologies and related approaches to self-organising systems is provided.

Computer science. --- Software engineering. --- Artificial intelligence. --- Control engineering. --- Robotics. --- Mechatronics. --- Computer Science. --- Software Engineering/Programming and Operating Systems. --- Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics). --- Control, Robotics, Mechatronics. --- Control engineering --- Control equipment --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Computer software engineering --- Informatics --- Mechanical engineering --- Microelectronics --- Microelectromechanical systems --- Automation --- Machine theory --- Control theory --- Engineering instruments --- Programmable controllers --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Electronic data processing --- Logic machines --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Engineering --- Science --- Artificial Intelligence. --- Automatic control.

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Organic Computing has emerged as a challenging vision for future information processing systems. Its basis is the insight that we will increasingly be surrounded by and depend on large collections of autonomous systems, which are equipped with sensors and actuators, aware of their environment, communicating freely, and organising themselves in order to perform actions and services required by the users.   These networks of intelligent systems surrounding us open fascinating application areas and at the same time bear the problem of their controllability. Hence, we have to construct such systems as robust, safe, flexible, and trustworthy as possible. In particular, a strong orientation towards human needs as opposed to a pure implementation of the technologically possible seems absolutely central. The technical systems, which can achieve these goals will have to exhibit life-like or "organic" properties. "Organic Computing Systems" adapt dynamically to their current environmental conditions. In order to cope with unexpected or undesired events they are self-organising, self-configuring, self-optimising, self-healing, self-protecting, self-explaining, and context-aware, while offering complementary interfaces for higher-level directives with respect to the desired behaviour. First steps towards adaptive and self-organising computer systems are being undertaken. Adaptivity, reconfigurability, emergence of new properties, and self-organisation are hot topics in a variety of research groups worldwide.   This book summarises the results of a 6-year priority research program (SPP) of the German Research Foundation (DFG) addressing these fundamental challenges in the design of Organic Computing systems. It presents and discusses the theoretical foundations of Organic Computing, basic methods and tools, learning techniques used in this context, architectural patterns and many applications. The final outlook shows that in the mean-time Organic Computing ideas have spawned a variety of promising new projects.

Computer architecture. --- High performance processors. --- Parallel processing (Electronic computers). --- Electrical & Computer Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Telecommunications --- Computer Science --- Molecular computers. --- Organic compounds --- Industrial applications. --- Compounds, Organic --- Organic chemicals --- DNA-based computers --- DNA computers --- Computer science. --- Computer organization. --- Computer Science. --- Computer Systems Organization and Communication Networks. --- Organization, Computer --- Electronic digital computers --- Informatics --- Science --- Carbon compounds --- Biocomputers --- Natural computation --- Computer network architectures. --- Architectures, Computer network --- Network architectures, Computer --- Computer architecture

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Computer architecture. Operating systems --- computerbesturingssystemen --- OS (operating system)

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Organic Computing has emerged as a challenging vision for future information processing systems. Its basis is the insight that we will increasingly be surrounded by and depend on large collections of autonomous systems, which are equipped with sensors and actuators, aware of their environment, communicating freely, and organising themselves in order to perform actions and services required by the users.   These networks of intelligent systems surrounding us open fascinating application areas and at the same time bear the problem of their controllability. Hence, we have to construct such systems as robust, safe, flexible, and trustworthy as possible. In particular, a strong orientation towards human needs as opposed to a pure implementation of the technologically possible seems absolutely central. The technical systems, which can achieve these goals will have to exhibit life-like or "organic" properties. "Organic Computing Systems" adapt dynamically to their current environmental conditions. In order to cope with unexpected or undesired events they are self-organising, self-configuring, self-optimising, self-healing, self-protecting, self-explaining, and context-aware, while offering complementary interfaces for higher-level directives with respect to the desired behaviour. First steps towards adaptive and self-organising computer systems are being undertaken. Adaptivity, reconfigurability, emergence of new properties, and self-organisation are hot topics in a variety of research groups worldwide.   This book summarises the results of a 6-year priority research program (SPP) of the German Research Foundation (DFG) addressing these fundamental challenges in the design of Organic Computing systems. It presents and discusses the theoretical foundations of Organic Computing, basic methods and tools, learning techniques used in this context, architectural patterns and many applications. The final outlook shows that in the mean-time Organic Computing ideas have spawned a variety of promising new projects.

Computer architecture. Operating systems --- computerbesturingssystemen --- OS (operating system)

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Where is system architecture heading? The special interest group on Computer and Systems Architecture (Fachausschuss Rechner- und Systemarchitektur) of the German computer and information technology associations GI and ITG a- ed this question and discussed it during two Future Workshops in 2002. The result in a nutshell: Everything will change but everything else will remain. Future systems technologies will build on a mature basis of silicon and IC technology,onwell-understoodprogramminglanguagesandsoftwareengineering techniques, and on well-established operating systems and middleware concepts. Newer and still exotic but exciting technologies like quantum computing and DNA processing are to be watched closely but they will not be mainstream in the next decade. Although there will be considerable progress in these basic technologies, is there any major trend which uni?es these diverse developments? There is a common denominator – according to the result of the two - ture Workshops – which marks a new quality. The challenge for future systems technologies lies in the mastering of complexity. Rigid and in?exible systems, built under a strict top-down regime, have reached the limits of manageable complexity, as has become obvious by the recent failure of several large-scale projects. Nature is the most complex system we know, and she has solved the problem somehow. We just haven’t understood exactly how nature does it. But it is clear that systems designed by nature, like an anthill or a beehive or a swarm of birds or a city, are di?erent from today’s technical systems that have beendesignedbyengineersandcomputerscientists.

Computer architecture --- Ubiquitous computing --- Computer Science --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Computer science. --- Computer communication systems. --- Architecture, Computer. --- Software engineering. --- Operating systems (Computers). --- Information storage and retrieval. --- Computer Science. --- Computer System Implementation. --- Computer Communication Networks. --- Software Engineering. --- Operating Systems. --- Information Storage and Retrieval. --- Information Systems Applications (incl. Internet). --- Computer operating systems --- Computers --- Disk operating systems --- Systems software --- Computer software engineering --- Engineering --- Architecture, Computer --- Communication systems, Computer --- Computer communication systems --- Data networks, Computer --- ECNs (Electronic communication networks) --- Electronic communication networks --- Networks, Computer --- Teleprocessing networks --- Data transmission systems --- Digital communications --- Electronic systems --- Information networks --- Telecommunication --- Cyberinfrastructure --- Electronic data processing --- Network computers --- Informatics --- Science --- Operating systems --- Distributed processing --- Computer network architectures. --- Information storage and retrieva. --- Architectures, Computer network --- Network architectures, Computer --- Information storage and retrieval systems. --- Automatic data storage --- Automatic information retrieval --- Automation in documentation --- Computer-based information systems --- Data processing systems --- Data storage and retrieval systems --- Discovery systems, Information --- Information discovery systems --- Information processing systems --- Information retrieval systems --- Machine data storage and retrieval --- Mechanized information storage and retrieval systems --- Computer systems --- Electronic information resources --- Data libraries --- Digital libraries --- Information organization --- Information retrieval --- Application software. --- Application computer programs --- Application computer software --- Applications software --- Apps (Computer software) --- Computer software --- Computer networks --- Information storage and retrieval --- Organization of information --- Information science --- Information storage and retrieval systems