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The concept of ‘biomineralization’ signifies mineralization processes that take place in close association with organic molecules or matrices. The awareness that mineral formation can be guided by organic molecules notably contributed to the understanding of the formation of the inorganic skeletons of living organisms. Modern electron microscopic and spectroscopic analyses have successfully demonstrated the participation of biological systems in several mineralization processes, and prominent examples include the formation of bio-silica in diatoms and sponges. This insight has already made the application of recombinant technology for the production of valuable inorganic polymers, such as bio-silica, possible. This polymer can be formed by silicatein under conditions that cannot be matched by chemical means. Similarly, the efforts described in this book have elucidated that certain organisms, bacteria in deep-sea polymetallic nodules and coccoliths in seamount crusts, are involved in the deposition of marine minerals. Strategies have already been developed to utilize such microorganisms for the biosynthesis and bioleaching of marine deposits. Moreover, studies reveal that bio-polymers enhance the hydroxyapatite formation of bone-forming cells and alter the expression of important regulators of bone resorption, suggesting a potential for bone regeneration and treatment / prevention of osteoporosis.

Biomineralization --- Silica --- Aquatic organisms --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Metabolic Phenomena --- Biochemistry --- Oceans and Seas --- Organism Forms --- Inorganic Chemicals --- Seawater --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Phenomena and Processes --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Organisms --- Environment --- Ecological and Environmental Phenomena --- Biological Phenomena --- Aquatic Organisms --- Minerals --- Chemistry --- Metabolism --- Chemistry, Bioinorganic --- Human Anatomy & Physiology --- Biology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Animal Biochemistry --- Biophysics --- Effect of metals on --- Biomineralization. --- Biological mineralization --- Mineralization, Biological --- Life sciences. --- Molecular biology. --- Biotechnology. --- Biochemistry. --- Aquatic ecology. --- Biomaterials. --- Life Sciences. --- Animal Biochemistry. --- Freshwater & Marine Ecology. --- Molecular Medicine. --- Minerals in the body --- Aquatic biology. --- Medicine. --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Chemical engineering --- Genetic engineering --- Biocompatible materials --- Biomaterials --- Medical materials --- Medicine --- Biomedical engineering --- Materials --- Biocompatibility --- Prosthesis --- Hydrobiology --- Water biology --- Aquatic sciences --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Composition --- Health Workforce --- Aquatic ecology . --- Bioartificial materials --- Hemocompatible materials --- Molecular biochemistry --- Molecular biophysics --- Biomolecules --- Systems biology --- Aquatic biology --- Ecology --- Biomaterials (Biomedical materials) --- Freshwater ecology. --- Marine ecology. --- Chemical Biology. --- Freshwater and Marine Ecology. --- Biomedical Research. --- Research. --- Biological research --- Biomedical research --- Biological oceanography --- Marine ecosystems --- Ocean --- Aquatic ecology --- Fresh water --- Fresh-water ecology

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Molecular evolution.

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Pharmacology. Therapy --- Oncology. Neoplasms

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Lake Baikal is the oldest, deepest and most voluminous lake on Earth, comprising one fifth of the World’s unfrozen fresh water. It hosts the highest number of endemic animals recorded in any freshwater lake. Until recently it remained enigmatic why such a high diversity evolved in the isolated Lake Baikal. Focusing on the sponges (phylum Porifera) as an example, some answers are provided to fundamental questions on evolutionary forces. The characteristic feature of these animals is that they form their polymeric silicic acid skeleton enzymatically. This process is explored using modern molecular biological and cellular biological techniques to outline strategies to fabricate novel materials applicable in biomedicine and nanooptics.

Evolution -- Russia. --- Fresh Water -- Russia. --- Freshwater biodiversity -- Russia (Federation) -- Baikal, Lake. --- Morphogenesis -- Russia. --- Nanosilicon. --- Nanotechnology -- Russia. --- Porifera -- chemistry -- Russia. --- Silicon Dioxide -- analysis -- Russia. --- Sponges -- Anatomy. --- Sponges -- Evolution -- Russia (Federation) -- Baikal, Lake. --- Sponges -- Growth -- Molecular aspects. --- Freshwater biodiversity --- Sponges --- Nanosilicon --- Russia --- Silicon Dioxide --- Chemistry --- Morphogenesis --- Biological Evolution --- Nanotechnology --- Fresh Water --- Porifera --- Invertebrates --- Genetic Processes --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Growth and Development --- Minerals --- Environment --- Europe, Eastern --- Silicon Compounds --- Biological Processes --- Oxides --- Miniaturization --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Oxygen Compounds --- Biological Phenomena --- Physiological Processes --- Genetic Phenomena --- Inorganic Chemicals --- Technology --- Animals --- Ecological and Environmental Phenomena --- Europe --- Environment and Public Health --- Eukaryota --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Health Care --- Phenomena and Processes --- Physiological Phenomena --- Technology, Industry, and Agriculture --- Geographic Locations --- Geographicals --- Technology, Industry, Agriculture --- Organisms --- Ecology --- Invertebrates & Protozoa --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Zoology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Evolution --- Anatomy --- Growth --- Molecular aspects --- Anatomy. --- Molecular aspects. --- Nanoscale silicon --- Nanostructured silicon --- Silicon nanostructured materials --- Diversity, Freshwater biological --- Freshwater biological diversity --- Life sciences. --- Biotechnology. --- Aquatic ecology. --- Microbial ecology. --- Environmental engineering. --- Biomaterials. --- Nanotechnology. --- Life Sciences. --- Freshwater & Marine Ecology. --- Microbial Ecology. --- Environmental Engineering/Biotechnology. --- Nanostructured materials --- Silicon --- Aquatic biodiversity --- Aquatic biology. --- Molecular technology --- Nanoscale technology --- High technology --- Biocompatible materials --- Biomaterials --- Medical materials --- Medicine --- Biomedical engineering --- Materials --- Biocompatibility --- Prosthesis --- Chemical engineering --- Genetic engineering --- Environmental microbiology --- Microorganisms --- Microbiology --- Hydrobiology --- Water biology --- Aquatic sciences --- Biology --- Aquatic ecology . --- Bioartificial materials --- Hemocompatible materials --- Environmental control --- Environmental effects --- Environmental stresses --- Engineering --- Environmental health --- Environmental protection --- Pollution --- Sustainable engineering --- Aquatic biology --- Biomaterials (Biomedical materials)

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Molecular biology. --- Subcellular biology.