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This study journeys from the earliest days of animal domestication to modern industrial farms. Delving into questions of ethics and animal sentience, the book use data from ingenious consumers' experiments conducted with real food, real money, and real animals to compare the costs and benefits of improving animal care. It shows how the economic approach to animal welfare raises new questions and ethical conundrums, as well as providing unique and counter-intuitive results.

Livestock systems --- Animal welfare --- Livestock --- Animals, Domestic --- Social Sciences --- Morals --- Social Control, Formal --- Animal Population Groups --- Psychology, Social --- Sociology --- Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms --- Animals --- Eukaryota --- Psychiatry. --- Organisms, Genetically Modified. --- Animal Welfare --- Economics --- Livestock --- Ethics --- Poultry --- Social Welfare & Social Work --- Social Sciences --- Social Welfare & Social Work - General --- Moral and ethical aspects --- Costs --- Economic aspects

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Food consumption --- Food supply --- Food security --- Food --- Food industry and trade --- Government policy --- Safety measures --- 664 --- Production and preservation of solid foodstuffs --- Food consumption. --- Food industry and trade. --- Social Sciences and Humanities. Development Studies --- Government policy. --- Safety measures. --- Economic aspects. --- Food Policy --- Food Policy. --- 664 Production and preservation of solid foodstuffs --- Food control --- Produce trade --- Agriculture --- Single cell proteins --- Food deserts --- Food insecurity --- Insecurity, Food --- Security, Food --- Human security --- Food preparation industry --- Food processing industry --- Food trade --- Agricultural processing industries --- Processed foods --- Consumption of food --- Cost and standard of living --- Food processing --- Food technology --- Processing --- Food supply - Government policy --- Food security - Government policy --- Food - Safety measures

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Supply chains for many agricultural products have an hour-glass shape; in between a sizable number of farmers and consumers is a smaller number of processors. The concentrated nature of the meat processing sectors in the United States implies that disruption of the processing capacity of any one plant, from accident, weather, or as recently witnessed - worker illnesses from a pandemic - has the potential to lead to system-wide disruptions. We explore the extent to which a less concentrated meat processing sector would be less vulnerable to the risks of temporary plant shutdowns. We calibrate an economic model to match the actual horizontal structure of the U.S. beef packing sector and conduct counter-factual simulations. With Cournot competition among heterogeneous packing plants, the model determines how industry output and producer and consumer welfare vary with the odds of exogenous plant shutdowns under different horizontal structures. We find that increasing odds of shutdown results in a widening of the farm-to-retail price spread even as packer profits fall, regardless of the structure. Results indicate that the extent to which a more diffuse packing sector performs better in ensuring a given level of output, and thus food security, depends on the exogenous risk of shutdown and the level of output desired; no horizontal structure dominates. These results illustrate the consequences of policies and industry efforts aimed at increasing the resilience of the food supply chain and highlight that there are no easy solutions to improving the short-run resilience by changing the horizontal concentration of meat packing.