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Zonder onderwerpscode: wereldeconomie, ontwikkelingsproblematiek

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The Philippine economy has been growing rapidly, at an annual growth rate of 5 percent over the past five years. Such decent growth in gross domestic product, however, did not translate into an increase in household income. Wage income declined in real terms. The poverty headcount increased slightly. The fruits of economic growth were not shared equally across the country. Challenges remain to create more jobs to keep pace with the rapidly growing active population. Using the Philippines Labor Force Survey data (2003-2007), this paper reviews the disparities in labor market performance and examines the contribution of regional and individual characteristics. The results show that real wages declined and disparities widened between the National Capital Region and other islands. The youth, less educated, and women face more challenges in finding employment with a decent salary, other things being equal. Disparities in labor market performance are largely associated with the difference in regional structure and human capital endowment. Individual characteristics account for roughly one-third of the difference in wages between the National Capital Region and other regions; regional structures and other unobservable factors account for two-thirds of the difference.

Employment rate --- Finding employment --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- High unemployment --- Household income --- Human capital --- Job creation --- Jobs --- Labor Force --- Labor force participation --- Labor Market --- Labor Market Indicators --- Labor Market Performance --- Labor market policies --- Labor Markets --- Labor Policies --- Previous job --- Real wage --- Real wages --- Social Protections and Labor --- Unemployed --- Unemployment --- Unemployment rate --- Wage rate --- Youth and Government

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The Philippine economy has been growing rapidly, at an annual growth rate of 5 percent over the past five years. Such decent growth in gross domestic product, however, did not translate into an increase in household income. Wage income declined in real terms. The poverty headcount increased slightly. The fruits of economic growth were not shared equally across the country. Challenges remain to create more jobs to keep pace with the rapidly growing active population. Using the Philippines Labor Force Survey data (2003-2007), this paper reviews the disparities in labor market performance and examines the contribution of regional and individual characteristics. The results show that real wages declined and disparities widened between the National Capital Region and other islands. The youth, less educated, and women face more challenges in finding employment with a decent salary, other things being equal. Disparities in labor market performance are largely associated with the difference in regional structure and human capital endowment. Individual characteristics account for roughly one-third of the difference in wages between the National Capital Region and other regions; regional structures and other unobservable factors account for two-thirds of the difference.

Employment rate --- Finding employment --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- High unemployment --- Household income --- Human capital --- Job creation --- Jobs --- Labor Force --- Labor force participation --- Labor Market --- Labor Market Indicators --- Labor Market Performance --- Labor market policies --- Labor Markets --- Labor Policies --- Previous job --- Real wage --- Real wages --- Social Protections and Labor --- Unemployed --- Unemployment --- Unemployment rate --- Wage rate --- Youth and Government

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The labor market performance in Croatia failed to keep pace with the moderately good overall macroeconomic development in the past few years. Youth, the less well-educated, and women face more difficulties in getting a job with a decent salary. A large part of the difference in regional labor market performance is associated with the difference in the human capital endowment. With a stagnant total employment rate, the large disparities in employment and earnings across individual groups and regions have become one of the concerns for the long-term sustainable development of the economy. Using Labor Force Survey (LFS) data from 2002-04, this paper studies the labor market performance in Croatia at the national and regional levels. The results show that both one's individual characteristics (including age, education and gender) and where he or she works plays a role in his or her employment and earnings. Regional differences in employment and earnings are reduced to a large extent when accounting for differences in individual characteristics. The simulations shed light on the effectiveness of the nationwide education policy and regional specific labor market policy, and suggest that improving human capital endowment and adjusting labor market structure are both important to rebalance regional development and enhance total welfare.

Age Groups --- Earning --- Employment Rate --- Employment Service --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Financial Literacy --- Human Capital --- Job --- Labor --- Labor Force --- Labor Force Participation --- Labor Market --- Labor Market Development --- Labor Market Performance --- Labor Market Policy --- Labor Markets --- Labor Organization --- Labor Policies --- Long-Term Unemployment --- Social Protections and Labor --- Total Employment --- Unemployed --- Unemployed Population --- Unemployment Benefits --- Unemployment Rate

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Zonder onderwerpscode: wereldeconomie, ontwikkelingsproblematiek