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Zonder onderwerpscode: wereldeconomie, ontwikkelingsproblematiek

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This paper examines the extent to which social networks among indigenous peoples have a significant effect on a variety of human capital investment and economic activities, such as school attendance and work among teenage boys and girls, and migration, welfare participation, employment status, occupation and sector of employment among adult males and females. The analysis uses data from the 10 percent population sample of the 2000 Population and Housing Census of Mexico and an empirical strategy that allows taking into account the role of municipality and language group fixed effects. The authors confirm empirically that social network effects play an important role in the economic decisions of indigenous people, especially in rural areas. The analysis also provides evidence that better access to basic services, such as water and electricity, increases the size and strength of network effects in rural areas.

Anthropology --- Communities and Human Settlements --- Cultural Heritage and Preservation --- Cultural Policy --- Culture and Development --- Disadvantaged groups --- Discrimination --- E-Business --- Economic opportunities --- Effective policies --- Employment opportunities --- Housing and Human Habitats --- Human capital --- Indigenous people --- Indigenous peoples --- Indigenous populations --- Industry --- Kinship --- Labor and Social Protections --- Labor Policies --- Migration --- Natural resources --- Policy research --- Policy research working paper --- Population --- Population Policies --- Private Sector Development --- Progress --- Respect --- Rural areas --- Rural Development --- Rural Poverty Reduction --- School attendance --- Social Capital --- Social Development --- Sustainable management --- Technology Industry --- Traditional values

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Despite significant changes in poverty overall in Latin America, the proportion of indigenous peoples living in poverty did not change much from the early 1990s to the present. While earlier work focused on human development, much less has been done on the distribution and returns to income-generating assets and the effect these have on income generation strategies. The authors show that low income and low assets are mutually reinforcing. For instance, low education levels translate into low income, resulting in poor health and reduced schooling for future generations. Social networks affect the economic opportunities of individuals through two important channels-information and norms. However, the analysis shows that the networks available to indigenous peoples do not facilitate employment in nontraditional sectors.

Anthropology --- Banks and Banking Reform --- Culture & Development --- Discrimination --- Economic opportunities --- Economic Theory and Research --- Future generations --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Human capital --- Human development --- Indigenous Peoples --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Policy Research --- Policy Research Working Paper --- Poor health --- Population Policies --- Poverty Reduction --- Progress --- Rural Development --- Rural Poverty Reduction