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Adaptive radiation, which results when a single ancestral species gives rise to many descendants, each adapted to a different part of the environment, is possibly the single most important source of biological diversity in the living world. One of the best-studied examples involves Caribbean Anolis lizards. With about 400 species, Anolis has played an important role in the development of ecological theory and has become a model system exemplifying the integration of ecological, evolutionary, and behavioral studies to understand evolutionary diversification. This major work, written by one of the best-known investigators of Anolis, reviews and synthesizes an immense literature. Jonathan B. Losos illustrates how different scientific approaches to the questions of adaptation and diversification can be integrated and examines evolutionary and ecological questions of interest to a broad range of biologists.

Anoles --- Anolis --- Polychrotidae --- Adaptation. --- Ecology. --- Evolution. --- adaptation. --- adaptive landscape. --- adaptive radiation. --- ancestral species. --- behavioral studies. --- biological diversity. --- biology. --- caribbean anolis lizards. --- caribbean islands. --- comparable traits. --- convergent evolution. --- creatures. --- cuba. --- dominican republic. --- ecological theory. --- ecology. --- environment. --- evolution. --- evolutionary diversification. --- generational. --- haiti. --- hispaniola. --- jamaica. --- living world. --- lizard diversity. --- lizards. --- model system. --- natural laboratory. --- phenomenon. --- predictability. --- puerto rico. --- science. --- scientists. --- understanding evolution.

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It is easy to think of evolution as something that happened long ago, or that occurs only in "nature," or that is so slow that its ongoing impact is virtually nonexistent when viewed from the perspective of a single human lifetime. But we now know that when natural selection is strong, evolutionary change can be very rapid. In this book, some of the world's leading scientists explore the implications of this reality for human life and society. With some twenty-three essays, this volume provides authoritative yet accessible explorations of why understanding evolution is crucial to human life-from dealing with climate change and ensuring our food supply, health, and economic survival to developing a richer and more accurate comprehension of society, culture, and even what it means to be human itself. Combining new essays with essays revised and updated from the acclaimed Princeton Guide to Evolution, this collection addresses the role of evolution in aging, cognition, cooperation, religion, the media, engineering, computer science, and many other areas. The result is a compelling and important book about how evolution matters to humans today.

Human evolution --- Human population genetics

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"L'histoire naturelle de la Terre est remplie d'exemples fascinants de convergence : certaines structures biologiques, telles que les yeux, les ailes ou les pattes caractéristiques des lézards grimpeurs, sont apparues de nombreuses fois au fil de processus indépendants. Pourtant, les biologistes de l'évolution nous apprennent qu'il existe également de nombreux exemples de contingence : des cas où le moindre événement – une mutation aléatoire, l'éternuement d'un papillon préhistorique – serait capable de modifier la trajectoire de l'évolution. Quel poids attribuer à ces deux forces dans une nature en perpétuel changement ? Les plantes et les animaux qui existent de nos jours, sans oublier les êtres humains eux-mêmes, étaient-ils tous destinés à apparaître ou ne sont-ils que le résultat du hasard ? Et quelles conclusions en tirer au sujet des formes de vie présentes sur d'autres planètes ?Ce livre nous révèle les dernières découvertes de la biologie de l'évolution ainsi que les réponses qui ont été fournies à l'un des plus grands débats scientifiques de notre temps. C'est à un voyage autour du globe qu'il nous invite, à la rencontre des chercheurs qui sont en train de percer les mystères de la vie. Jonathan Losos, l'un des pionniers de l'approche expérimentale en matière d'évolution, nous explique comment des expériences sur des guppies, des mouches à fruit, des bactéries, des renards et des souris de chasse, ainsi que ses propres travaux sur les lézards anoles des Caraïbes permettent de rembobiner le film de la vie pour déterminer à quel point l'évolution peut être rapide et dans quelle mesure son caractère reproductible la rend prévisible."

Evolution (Biology)

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