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The IEA’s International Civic and Citizenship Education Study (ICCS) investigates the ways in which young people are prepared to undertake their roles as citizens in a range of countries in the second decade of the 21st century. ICCS 2016 is the second cycle of a study initiated in 2009. This report from ICCS focuses on data collected in the 15 countries that participated in the study’s 2016 European regional questionnaire. It reveals lower secondary school students’ views on European identity, their perceptions of freedom of movement and immigration, and their opinions of Europe and its future. It also, for the 12 European countries that participated in both ICCS 2009 and ICCS 2016, looks at changes across this time period, in young people’s perceptions of immigration and European identity. Comparison with the complete international study will enable readers to review the extent to which region-specific perceptions are related to other factors, such as students’ level of civic knowledge and social or educational contexts. Over the past 50 years, the IEA has conducted comparative research studies in a range of domains focusing on educational policies, practices, and outcomes in many countries around the world. The association conducted its first survey of civic education in 1971. The reliable comparative data collected by ICCS 2016 will allow education systems to evaluate the strengths of educational policies, both internationally and within a regional context, and to measure their progress toward achieving critical components of the United Nations’ 2030 agenda for sustainable development.

Education. --- International education. --- Comparative education. --- Educational policy. --- ducation and state. --- Assessment. --- Assessment, Testing and Evaluation. --- International and Comparative Education. --- Educational Policy and Politics. --- Education --- Education policy --- Educational policy --- State and education --- Social policy --- Endowment of research --- Education, Comparative --- Global education --- Intellectual cooperation --- Internationalism --- Children --- Education, Primitive --- Education of children --- Human resource development --- Instruction --- Pedagogy --- Schooling --- Students --- Youth --- Civilization --- Learning and scholarship --- Mental discipline --- Schools --- Teaching --- Training --- Government policy --- History --- Educational tests and measuremen. --- Educational tests and measurements. --- Educational assessment --- Educational measurements --- Mental tests --- Tests and measurements in education --- Psychological tests for children --- Psychometrics --- Examinations --- Psychological tests --- Rating of --- International education . --- Education and state. --- Civic Education --- ICCS --- IEA Educational Achievement --- Civic knowledge --- Civics and citizenship --- Attitudes to civic life --- Engagement with civic life --- Civic and Citizenship Education Study --- ICCS 2016 --- Civic participation --- European identity --- Feelings of being European --- Perceptions of freedom --- Attitudes toward immigration --- Freedom of European citizens --- Perceptions of Europe and its future