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Im Zuge der wohlfahrtstaatlichen Reformen der letzten Jahre ist Armut von Erwerbstätigen auch in Europa zu einem Problem geworden. Allerdings bestehen deutliche Länderunterschiede im Ausmaß und in der Struktur der Armut von Erwerbstätigen. Der Autor argumentiert, dass dies eine Folge der unterschiedlichen Ausgestaltung institutioneller Rahmenbedingungen (soziales Sicherungssystem, Lohnverhandlungssystem, Maßnahmen zur Vereinbarkeit von Beruf und Familie) ist. Weiter wird gefragt, welche Konsequenzen die gegenwärtigen Reformen für die Entwicklung der Armut von Erwerbstätigen haben. In empirischen Analysen wird die Entwicklung in 15 europäischen Ländern im Zeitraum von 1994 bis 2004 betrachtet.

Sociology. --- Social structure. --- Social inequality. --- Sociology, general. --- Social Structure, Social Inequality. --- Equality.

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Labour market --- Europe --- Working poor --- Manpower policy --- Travailleurs pauvres --- Emploi --- Politique gouvernementale --- AA / International- internationaal --- EEC / European Union - EU -Europese Unie - Union Européenne - UE --- 330.580 --- 382.11 --- 313 --- 666 Armoede --- #SBIB:316.334.2A340 --- #SBIB:316.334.2A470 --- #SBIB:316.8H15 --- -Manpower policy --- -331.54094 --- Employment policy --- Human resource development --- Labor market --- Labor market policy --- Manpower utilization --- Labor policy --- Labor supply --- Trade adjustment assistance --- Poor --- Working class --- Gecontroleerde economie. Geleide economie. Welvaarststaat. Algemeenheden. --- Theorie van het internationale evenwicht. Economische onafhankelijkheid van een natie. Globalisering. Mondialisering. --- Levenswijze en levensstandaard. Levensminimum. sociale indicatoren (Studiën). --- Arbeidssociologie: ongelijkheden op de arbeidsmarkt: algemeen --- Arbeidssociologie: het sociaal-economisch overheidsbeleid: algemeen --- Welzijns- en sociale problemen: sociale ongelijkheid en armoede --- Government policy --- Employment --- 331.54094 --- History --- Levenswijze en levensstandaard. Levensminimum. sociale indicatoren (Studiën) --- Gecontroleerde economie. Geleide economie. Welvaarststaat. Algemeenheden --- Theorie van het internationale evenwicht. Economische onafhankelijkheid van een natie. Globalisering. Mondialisering

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This report presents the results of a first attempt to create a framework for assessing the performance of national family policies. The report is part of a joint EU and OECD project, which aims to help the EU Government Expert Group on Demographic Issues in evaluating national family policies. The idea behind the framework is that it allows individual countries to compare their overall performance in the area of family policies with the performance of other countries. The main focus of the report is policies for families with smaller children. The framework provides a set of cross-nationally comparable indicators on contexts, policy measures, and outcomes, organised on a systematic basis. The policy measure indicators presented in the report cover leave schemes, early childhood education and care, family benefits and workplace policies. The indicators build upon, inter alia, previous work by the OECD in various studies on family-friendly policies that were carried out on a cross-national basis using different sets of indicators. Most of these indicators are today available in the OECD Family Database. Wherever the OECD Family Database contains indicators for the majority of EU member states and OECD countries, these data have been used in the present study. Otherwise, data from other cross-national databases have been included. Each indicator in the framework is presented as a single-standing indicator in the general absence of scientific consensus on different aggregation weights. In the report no explicit ranking of countries has been attempted, instead the relative position of countries has been illustrated with the help of standard deviation scores. In the last part of the report the linkages between policy aims and the various context, outcome and policy measures are indicated, which help construct “score cards”. This “score card-approach” is illustrated for three countries: Denmark, Germany and the United Kingdom. The report offers tools for assessment that may be developed further, and should offer an approach to using the OECD Family Database, acknowledging this unique data source for cross-country comparisons in the field of family policy.

Social Issues/Migration/Health --- European Union

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This report presents the results of a first attempt to create a framework for assessing the performance of national family policies. The report is part of a joint EU and OECD project, which aims to help the EU Government Expert Group on Demographic Issues in evaluating national family policies. The idea behind the framework is that it allows individual countries to compare their overall performance in the area of family policies with the performance of other countries. The main focus of the report is policies for families with smaller children. The framework provides a set of cross-nationally comparable indicators on contexts, policy measures, and outcomes, organised on a systematic basis. The policy measure indicators presented in the report cover leave schemes, early childhood education and care, family benefits and workplace policies. The indicators build upon, inter alia, previous work by the OECD in various studies on family-friendly policies that were carried out on a cross-national basis using different sets of indicators. Most of these indicators are today available in the OECD Family Database. Wherever the OECD Family Database contains indicators for the majority of EU member states and OECD countries, these data have been used in the present study. Otherwise, data from other cross-national databases have been included. Each indicator in the framework is presented as a single-standing indicator in the general absence of scientific consensus on different aggregation weights. In the report no explicit ranking of countries has been attempted, instead the relative position of countries has been illustrated with the help of standard deviation scores. In the last part of the report the linkages between policy aims and the various context, outcome and policy measures are indicated, which help construct “score cards”. This “score card-approach” is illustrated for three countries: Denmark, Germany and the United Kingdom. The report offers tools for assessment that may be developed further, and should offer an approach to using the OECD Family Database, acknowledging this unique data source for cross-country comparisons in the field of family policy.

Social Issues/Migration/Health --- European Union