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This paper investigates the dynamic effects of health shocks on labour market transitions to disability, employment and other non-employment pathways. It uses longitudinal data to estimate time discrete duration models for three countries: Australia, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Both current and lagged health status are important predictors of exit to disability benefits and the effect of health problems varies by age group, education and income across countries. The results are robust to the inclusion of different socio-demographic variables and to instrumenting health status.

Employment --- Social Issues/Migration/Health --- Australia --- Switzerland --- United Kingdom

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The shares of top income recipients in total pre-tax income have increased in OECD countries in the past three decades, particularly in most of the English-speaking countries but also in some Nordic (from low levels) and Southern European countries. Today, the richest one percent receives between 7% of all pre-tax income in Denmark and the Netherlands up to almost 20% in the United States. This increase is the result of the top 1% capturing a disproportionate share of overall income growth over the past thirty years: around 20 – 25% in Australia and the United Kingdom, up to 37% in Canada and even 47% in the United States. At the same time, tax reforms in almost all OECD countries reduced top personal income tax rates as well as rates of other taxes affecting the highest income earners. Indeed, while top tax rates were equal to or above 70% in half of the countries in the mid-1970s, this rate has been halved in many countries by 2013.

Social Issues/Migration/Health --- Taxation --- Economics

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1. La prise en charge de la dépendance : un secteur en expansion et des systèmes diversifiés - 2. Prendre la mesure des défis à venir : futures tendances démographiques et coût de la prise en charge de la dépendance - 3 Impact de la prise en charge de personnes dépendantes sur les aidants familiaux - 4. Les mesures de soutien des aidants familiaux - 5. Les effectifs du secteur de la dépendance : recherchés mais souvent insuffisamment reconnus - 6. Comment attirer la main d'œuvre dont le secteur de la dépendance aura besoin à l'avenir ? - 7. Dispositifs de financement public de la dépendance dans les pays de l'OCDE - 8. L'Assurance dépendance privée : créneau de marché ou solution pour tous ? - 9. Quelles orientations prendre ? Contenu de viabilité financière d'une protection équitable contre les coûts de la dépendance - 10. Peut-on optimiser les dépenses de prise en charge de la dépendance ? - Tableaux - Graphiques