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Islam --- History of Asia --- anno 1800-1899 --- Iraq --- -Shi'ah --- -Shiite shrines --- -Imams (Shiites) --- Shrines, Shiite --- Shiite shrines --- Shīʻah --- Imams (Shiites) --- Islamic shrines --- Imamites --- Shia --- Shiism --- Twelvers (Islam) --- Islamic sects --- Alids --- History --- Tombs --- Politics and government. --- Shīʻah --- History.

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"In Know Thy Enemy, Meir Litvak analyzes the re-articulations of the "Others" in modern Shiʻism, as a novel way to examine the formulation of modern Shiʻi identity and place in the world. Among these others, which have transformed into "enemies" in the modern period are the West, apostates, Wahhabism, Jews, Baha'is and feminism. Looking at the rhetorical themes that Shiʻi writers use, the book demonstrates the contrast between the collective positive "We" and the negative threatening "Other" as a major principle in the evolution of Shiʻism as the minority branch of Islam. It offers a complex view of Shiʻi identity combining a sense of victimhood and insecurity together with conviction of intellectual and moral superiority and long-term triumph"--

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Islam

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Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) --- Jews --- Zionism --- Public opinion --- Arabs --- Antisemitism --- Holocauste, 1939-1945 --- Juifs --- Sionisme --- Opinion publique --- Arabes --- Antisémitisme --- Public opinion. --- Public opinion. --- Public opinion --- Attitudes. --- Opinion publique --- Opinion publique --- Opinion publique --- Attitudes --- Arab countries --- Etats arabes --- Ethnic relations. --- Relations interethniques

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This volume documents the transformation of age-old antisemitic stereotypes into a new form of discrimination, often called "New Antisemitism" or "Antisemitism 2.0." Manifestations of antisemitism in political, legal, media and other contexts are reflected on theoretically and contemporary developments are analyzed with a special focus on online hatred. The volume points to the need for a globally coordinated approach on the political and legal levels, as well as with regard to the modern media, to effectively combat modern antisemitism.

HISTORY / Jewish. --- Anti-Semitism. --- anti-Judaism, anti-Jewish stereotypes. --- strategies against anti-Semitism.