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In the wake of the Mexican-American War, competing narratives of religious conquest and re-conquest were employed by Anglo American and ethnic Mexican Californians to make sense of their place in North America. These “invented traditions” had a profound impact on North American religious and ethnic relations, serving to bring elements of Catholic history within the Protestant fold of the United States’ national history as well as playing an integral role in the emergence of the early Chicano/a movement. Many Protestant Anglo Americans understood their settlement in the far Southwest as following in the footsteps of the colonial project begun by Catholic Spanish missionaries. In contrast, Californios—Mexican-Americans and Chicana/os—stressed deep connections to a pre-Columbian past over to their own Spanish heritage. Thus, as Anglo Americans fashioned themselves as the spiritual heirs to the Spanish frontier, many ethnic Mexicans came to see themselves as the spiritual heirs to a southwestern Aztec homeland.

Regionalism --- Space --- Historiography --- Indigenous peoples --- Aztlán. --- Chicomostoc --- Chicomoztoc --- Lugar de las Siete Cuevas --- Place of the Herons --- Place of the Seven Caves --- Aztec mythology --- Aztecs --- Geographical myths --- Mexican Americans --- Aboriginal peoples --- Aborigines --- Adivasis --- Indigenous populations --- Native peoples --- Native races --- Ethnology --- Historical criticism --- History --- Authorship --- Human geography --- Nationalism --- Interregionalism --- Religious aspects. --- Ethnic identity. --- Origin --- Ethnic identity --- Criticism --- Mexico --- California, Southern --- Arkadia (Greece) --- Southern California --- Arcadia (Greece) --- Arkadhía (Greece) --- Αρκαδία (Greece) --- Anáhuac --- Estados Unidos Mexicanos --- Maxico --- Méjico --- Mekishiko --- Meḳsiḳe --- Meksiko --- Meksyk --- Messico --- Mexique (Country) --- República Mexicana --- Stany Zjednoczone Meksyku --- United Mexican States --- United States of Mexico --- מקסיקו --- メキシコ --- Relations --- Ethnic relations. --- Historiography.