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Conferences - Meetings --- Animal remains (Archaeology) --- Hunting and gathering societies --- Prehistoric peoples --- Middle East --- Antiquities --- Congresses

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Sais II: The Prehistoric Period is the final publication of the EES/Durham/SCA excavations carried out in 2007 in the 'Great Pit' at Sa el-Hagar, ancient Sais. It contains a full discussion of the layers dating to the Neolithic and Buto-Maadi Periods, with specialist reports on the chipped and ground stone tools, small finds, pottery, animal bones and flora. As the only Neolithic site so far excavated on the Nile floodplain in Egypt, the site has important implications for understanding the Neolithisation of the Delta and the development of Predynastic settlements in the north of Egypt.

Excavations (Archaeology) --- Ṣā al Ḥajar (Egypt) --- Egypt --- Antiquities --- Excavations (Archaeology) - Egypt - Ṣā al Ḥajar --- Ṣā al Ḥajar (Egypt) - Antiquities --- Egypt - Ṣā al Ḥajar

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Sais was Egypt's capital in the 26th Dynasty, but it also had an earlier history, unknown before the EES/Durham University/SCA work at the site. This volume is the final excavation report for work carried out in the Northern Enclosure area of the site at Kom Rebwa, funded by the British Academy through the Egypt Exploration Society and the Arts and Humanities Research Council. Excavations between 2000 and 2004 uncovered levels dating between the 20th Dynasty and the Third Intermediate Period. The best preserved levels consisted of part of a house, whose roof had collapsed and an earlier kiln, used for firing faience beads as well as pottery. Lower, buried layers also included Old Kingdom material, hinting at the earlier history of the area. The report contains invaluable information about everyday rural life in the Delta, with anlayses of the different layers, the pottery and the small finds, as well as plant remains and animal bones.

Excavations (Archaeology) --- Ṣā al Ḥajar (Egypt) --- Egypt --- Antiquities --- Excavations (Archaeology) - Egypt - Ṣā al Ḥajar --- Ṣā al Ḥajar (Egypt) - Antiquities --- Egypt - Ṣā al Ḥajar

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This study summarises the archaeozoological data obtained within the framework of a multidisciplinary research project conducted in arid West Africa. The investigated faunal assemblages, consisting mainly of remains from all vertebrate groups, were excavated in northern Burkina Faso and the southern Lake Chad area and cover almost the entire four millennia between 2000 BC and the present. Emphasis is on documenting and explaining diachronic and geographical trends rather than on detailed, individual, site studies. The analysed faunas are placed in a wider context by comparing them with data from other archaeological sites in sub-Saharan West Africa and beyond. Iconography, textual evidence, genetics, animal production, ethnography and linguistics are confronted with the faunal data. One of the major research subjects is the beginning of food production and, more particularly, of domestic livestock keeping. Since most West African domestic animal species are not indigenous to the area,the timing of their first appearance and the mechanisms and routes through which they were spread can be investigated. With the aid of the faunal remains the diet of the former human populations is analysed. All animal food provisioning activities, i.e. collecting, fishing, hunting, fowling and herding, are studied in detail, including aspects such as seasonality and equipment used. Techniques for processing and preserving animal food products are also discussed. It is investigated why and how economic specialisation developed; for example the nomadic pastoralism, between and within ethnic groups, which is typical for the present West African Sahel. Indications for trade, religion, cultural and ethnic identity are also sought. The faunal remains also allow reconstruction of the local impact of climatic fluctuations and the human responses to a changing environment.