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This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of 5 workshops of the 15th International Conference on Web-Age Information Management, WAIM 2014, held in Macau, China, June 16-18, 2014. The 38 revised full papers are organized in topical sections on the six following workshops: Second International Workshop on Emergency Management in Big Data Age (BigEM 2014), Second International Workshop on Big Data Management on Emerging Hardware (HardBD 2014), International Workshop on Data Management for Next-Generation Location-based Services (DaNoS 2014), International Workshop on Human Aspects of Making Recommendations in Social Ubiquitous Networking Environment (HRSUME 2014), International Workshop on Big Data Systems and Services (BIDASYS 2014).

Computer science. --- Computer communication systems. --- Algorithms. --- Database management. --- Data mining. --- Information storage and retrieval. --- Computer Science. --- Information Storage and Retrieval. --- Information Systems Applications (incl. Internet). --- Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery. --- Database Management. --- Computer Communication Networks. --- Algorithm Analysis and Problem Complexity. --- Algorithmic knowledge discovery --- Factual data analysis --- KDD (Information retrieval) --- Knowledge discovery in data --- Knowledge discovery in databases --- Mining, Data --- Database searching --- Data base management --- Data services (Database management) --- Database management services --- DBMS (Computer science) --- Generalized data management systems --- Services, Database management --- Systems, Database management --- Systems, Generalized database management --- Electronic data processing --- Algorism --- Algebra --- Arithmetic --- Communication systems, Computer --- Computer communication systems --- Data networks, Computer --- ECNs (Electronic communication networks) --- Electronic communication networks --- Networks, Computer --- Teleprocessing networks --- Data transmission systems --- Digital communications --- Electronic systems --- Information networks --- Telecommunication --- Cyberinfrastructure --- Network computers --- Informatics --- Science --- Foundations --- Distributed processing --- Information storage and retrieva. --- Computer software. --- Software, Computer --- Computer systems --- Information storage and retrieval systems. --- Automatic data storage --- Automatic information retrieval --- Automation in documentation --- Computer-based information systems --- Data processing systems --- Data storage and retrieval systems --- Discovery systems, Information --- Information discovery systems --- Information processing systems --- Information retrieval systems --- Machine data storage and retrieval --- Mechanized information storage and retrieval systems --- Electronic information resources --- Data libraries --- Digital libraries --- Information organization --- Information retrieval --- Data mining --- Application software. --- Application computer programs --- Application computer software --- Applications software --- Apps (Computer software) --- Computer software

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Environmental problems caused by traffic have been one of the critical issues in urban areas for decades. These problems can be addressed (at least partially) by corresponding traffic management strategies. One common environmental concern in urban areas is to keep the environmental damage below a certain level, called environmental constraints. As a result of the complexity of the traffic system however, traffic management targeted at respecting environmental constraints will not only influence environmental aspects but also other aspects, such as traffic performance. It is necessary and important to understand the relationship between environmental constraints and traffic performance, to set proper environmental constraints and formulate corresponding control measures.The central target of this research is to develop insights into how environmental constraints influence the traffic system. Such insights may then improve the decision-making process of imposing the environmental constraints in traffic management. Therefore, the research begins with the roles of environmental constraints in the traffic system, with theoretical analysis and case studies. Three arguments are made: firstly, respecting the environmental constraints are traffic management goals which need to be achieved; Secondly, the environmental constraints will not be respected spontaneously and hence need to be enforced by appropriate control measures; And finally, merely using these control measures to impose the environmental constraints underutilizes the capabilities of control measures for other targets.Based on these arguments, two important questions that are raised during the decision process of imposing the environmental constraints can be solved: how to assess the impact of imposing the environmental constraints and how to seek the best control measures for the imposed environmental constraints. For the first question, the unique, non-negative and metric assessment criterion Loss of Optimality (LO) is proposed. Loss of Optimality reflects the reduced potential to reach (unconstrained) optimal traffic performance as a result of imposing different environmental constraints. It is determined by the environmental constraints, available control measures and the traffic network design. Numerical case studies show that Loss of Optimality can correctly capture the impacts and increases our understanding of the trade-off between the damage from traffic to the environment and vice versa. For the second question, this work proposes a framework for optimizing the system performance with environmental constraints (OSP-EC). This framework mathematically formulates the selection of proper control measures for environmental constraints. The authorities should select the optimal control measures from those measures satisfying the environmental constraints, to achieve the so-called "second-best" optimal system performance.Two practical cases related to the environmental constraints are analyzed under the proposed LO assessment criteria and OSP-EC framework. The first case theoretically explores the parallels and differences between tolls and additional delays (e.g. speed limit) as alternative control measures for achieving the same environmental constraint. The monotonicity of emission factors with speed plays a crucial role in the selection of the type of control variables. If both tolls and delays are available, tolls work better than additional delays in most cases. The second case investigates low-emission zones (LEZ) and the impacts of different environmental constraint sets under the same available control measures. We revisit the concept of the low-emission zone and illustrate the advantage of applying OSP-EC concepts while designing low-emission zones. Furthermore, assuming that link tolls are available to control the LEZ, we analyze the impacts of different LEZ environmental constraint sets, including the sizes, constraint values and the locations. Theoretical proof is given that the Cooperative tolls combining the marginal external congestion cost and unit link shadow price (CO-toll) is an optimal toll set satisfying the environmental constraints; CO-toll on a link is determined by the traffic flow on that link and the low-emission zones that the link belongs to. The theoretical results from the two cases can contribute to the development of efficient algorithms for solving the OSP-EC problem. Additionally, authorities can use those theoretical results to find better policies for the practical problems related to environmental constraints.

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This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 14th International Symposium on Visual Computing, ISVC 2019, held in Lake Tahoe, NV, USA in October 2019. The 100 papers presented in this double volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 163 submissions. The papers are organized into the following topical sections: Deep Learning I; Computer Graphics I; Segmentation/Recognition; Video Analysis and Event Recognition; Visualization; ST: Computational Vision, AI and Mathematical methods for Biomedical and Biological Image Analysis; Biometrics; Virtual Reality I; Applications I; ST: Vision for Remote Sensing and Infrastructure Inspection; Computer Graphics II; Applications II; Deep Learning II; Virtual Reality II; Object Recognition/Detection/Categorization; and Poster.

Computer graphics --- Pattern recognition. --- Optical data processing. --- Artificial intelligence. --- Computers. --- Data protection. --- Pattern Recognition. --- Computer Imaging, Vision, Pattern Recognition and Graphics. --- Artificial Intelligence. --- Information Systems and Communication Service. --- Security. --- Data governance --- Data regulation --- Personal data protection --- Protection, Data --- Electronic data processing --- Automatic computers --- Automatic data processors --- Computer hardware --- Computing machines (Computers) --- Electronic brains --- Electronic calculating-machines --- Electronic computers --- Hardware, Computer --- Computer systems --- Cybernetics --- Machine theory --- Calculators --- Cyberspace --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Logic machines --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Optical computing --- Visual data processing --- Integrated optics --- Photonics --- Computers --- Design perception --- Pattern recognition --- Form perception --- Perception --- Figure-ground perception --- Optical equipment --- Pattern recognition systems. --- Image processing --- Computer vision. --- Computer networks. --- Automated Pattern Recognition. --- Computer Communication Networks. --- Data and Information Security. --- Digital techniques. --- Communication systems, Computer --- Computer communication systems --- Data networks, Computer --- ECNs (Electronic communication networks) --- Electronic communication networks --- Networks, Computer --- Teleprocessing networks --- Data transmission systems --- Digital communications --- Electronic systems --- Information networks --- Telecommunication --- Cyberinfrastructure --- Network computers --- Machine vision --- Vision, Computer --- Artificial intelligence --- Pattern recognition systems --- Digital image processing --- Digital electronics --- Pattern classification systems --- Pattern recognition computers --- Pattern perception --- Computer vision --- Distributed processing