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Light and matter are very closely linked in our modelling of the physical world. From the formulation of quantum theory to the invention of laser, the interaction between atoms and radiation has played a crucial role in the development of today’s science and technology. By controlling this interaction, the lowest temperatures ever recorded are now reached. Cooling atomic gases with laser light produces “quantum matter” with radically different properties from those of ordinary fluids. These cold atoms are the cornerstone of a new metrology of time and space, with applications in a wide variety of fields, including navigation, telecommunication and geophysics.

Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Atomic Physics --- Physics. --- Atoms. --- Radiation --- Radiology --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Matter --- Stereochemistry --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- Constitution --- laser --- light --- radiation --- physics --- atomic physics --- time --- atom

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Metaphysics has been proclaimed to be archaic or outdated. Actually, it never “died”. It has even experienced considerable revival throughout the world, which in France we have yet to fully appreciate. Because, in both the most general and the most precise ways, it questions “what there is”, it is essential to any knowledge-related undertaking, in the sense not of a recognition of eternal truths but of an enquiry on the world and on reality. In this lecture Claudine Tiercelin sets out the programme of a scientific and realist metaphysics rooted in the rationalist tradition and diametrically opposed to obscurantist spiritualism and post-modern relativism.

Philosophy --- Philosophy & Religion --- Speculative Philosophy --- metaphysics --- philosophy --- knowledge

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By combining a method – comparative studies – with an ongoing process – the internationalization of law, that is, its extension beyond national borders – this Chair looks to the future, as uncertain as it may be. Of course current events tragically highlight the absence of a real legal world order. The collective security system of the Charter of the United Nations has shown its weaknesses and law has been unable to disarm force. Conversely, however, force cannot prevent this unprecedented extension of law, to the extent that no State can lastingly override it. In spite of appearances, it is no longer possible today to ignore the superposition of regional, national and global standards, nor the over-abundance of both national and international institutions and judges, with expanded jurisdiction. The new realities are causing law to evolve into complex and highly unstable interactive systems that are perhaps more symptomatic of profound change than of the defeat of law: we are faced with a change in the very conception of the legal order.

Law, Politics & Government --- Law, General & Comparative --- Law. --- Acts, Legislative --- Enactments, Legislative --- Laws (Statutes) --- Legislative acts --- Legislative enactments --- Jurisprudence --- Legislation --- law --- comparative law --- globalization --- legal studies --- international law

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By opposing sectarian discourses with the universal weapons of history, philology and anthropology, in short, the entire arsenal of science and reason, the history of religions of the past enables us to deflate modern myths, and not only those of others but also our own. It allows us to identify the projection, in the imaginary past, of the "origins" of nationalist, religious or racist fantasies, and to disarm exaggerated interpretations of the sacred texts. Within nations inherited from the 19th century, ancient history can help to deconstruct the representation that nation states sometimes create of their past, by showing that despite their apparent proximity, their "ancestors", often simply assumed to be so, were as distant from the current society as the inhabitants of the antipodes, and hardly resembled the image assigned to them. It enables us to challenge the "Greek miracle", the "Roman genius", the "Germanic superiority", or the Hegelian dialectic professing that religions and history tend towards Christian monotheism

Religions --- Civilization, Ancient --- History. --- Rome --- Religion. --- Ancient civilization --- institutions --- ancient history --- archeology --- religion --- history of religions

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By opposing sectarian discourses with the universal weapons of history, philology and anthropology, in short, the entire arsenal of science and reason, the history of religions of the past enables us to deflate modern myths, and not only those of others but also our own. It allows us to identify the projection, in the imaginary past, of the "origins" of nationalist, religious or racist fantasies, and to disarm exaggerated interpretations of the sacred texts. Within nations inherited from the 19th century, ancient history can help to deconstruct the representation that nation states sometimes create of their past, by showing that despite their apparent proximity, their "ancestors", often simply assumed to be so, were as distant from the current society as the inhabitants of the antipodes, and hardly resembled the image assigned to them. It enables us to challenge the "Greek miracle", the "Roman genius", the "Germanic superiority", or the Hegelian dialectic professing that religions and history tend towards Christian monotheism

Religions --- Civilization, Ancient --- institutions --- ancient history --- archeology --- religion --- history of religions --- History. --- Rome --- Religion.