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Oil Spill Detection, Identification and Tracing provides readers with currently applicable technical methods, including early warning monitoring of trace oil film in ports, remote sensing monitoring of sea surface oil spills, and source tracing. Beginning with the causes and characteristics of oil spills on water, chapters then evaluate a range of different detection methods, including passive optical remote sensing, active optical remote sensing, marine radar, and GNSS-R. The book then reviews oil spill traceability technology, highlighting the ecological effect of oil spills on oceanic environment, current studies on oil spill fingerprinting, and the application of stable isotope technology in oil spill tracing.

Detectors. --- Oil spills --- Tracers (Chemistry) --- Oil spills.

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This book provides practical information on obtaining and using a wide variety of plant based reagents for different sectors, addressing the needs and challenges in a single resource. The chapters complement each other seamlessly and present contributions from reputed international researchers and renowned professionals from industry, covering the latest efforts in the field. The book serves as the starting point for future collaborations in the new area “Plant Based Green Chemistry” between research, industry, and education, covering large ecologic and economic applications: perfume, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, food ingredients, nutraceuticals, biofuels, or fine chemicals industries. This book is aimed at professionals from industries, academicians engaged in plant based green chemistry, researchers and graduate level students, but will also be useful to food technologists and students and researchers involved in natural products chemistry.

Green chemistry. --- Renewable energy resources. --- Chemical engineering. --- Food—Biotechnology. --- Organic chemistry. --- Medicinal chemistry. --- Green Chemistry. --- Renewable and Green Energy. --- Industrial Chemistry/Chemical Engineering. --- Food Science. --- Organic Chemistry. --- Medicinal Chemistry. --- Chemistry, Medical and pharmaceutical --- Chemistry, Pharmaceutical --- Drug chemistry --- Drugs --- Medical chemistry --- Medicinal chemistry --- Pharmacochemistry --- Chemistry --- Organic chemistry --- Chemistry, Industrial --- Engineering, Chemical --- Industrial chemistry --- Engineering --- Chemistry, Technical --- Metallurgy --- Environmental chemistry --- Sustainable chemistry --- Chemical engineering --- Sustainable engineering --- Industrial applications --- Chemistry, Organic. --- Pharmaceutical chemistry.

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Tanzania is well placed to receive a significant increase in aid inflows in coming years. Despite the potential for the additional aid inflows to raise income levels in the country, increasing them may bring about structural changes in the economy that may be unwelcome. One such change is an appreciation of the real exchange rate that leads to a contraction of traditional export sectors and a loss of export competitiveness. This paper employs a reduced-form equilibrium real exchange rate approach to explain movements in Tanzania's real effective exchange in recent decades. Particular attention is paid to the relationship between aid inflows and the real effective exchange rate. The authors find that the long-run behavior of the real effective exchange rate is influenced by terms of trade movements, the government's trade liberalization efforts, and aid inflows. Positive terms-of-trade movements are associated with an appreciation, periods of improving trade liberalization are associated with a depreciation, and increases in aid inflows are associated with a depreciation in the real effective exchange rate. Although the last result is non-standard, it is not empirically unique and does have theoretical underpinnings. A detailed analysis of this relationship over the last decade shows that the Bank of Tanzania's response to aid inflows is likely the main reason for the finding.

Currencies and Exchange Rates --- Debt Markets --- Depreciation --- Economic Policy --- Economic Stabilization --- Economic Theory and Research --- Emerging Markets --- Equilibrium --- Export Competitiveness --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- International Competitiveness --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Poverty Reduction --- Private Sector Development --- Real Effective Exchange Rate --- Real Exchange Rate --- Trade Liberalization --- Trade Movements

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Conduct of life --- Taoism