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In 1890, more than 100,000 Welsh-born immigrants resided in the United States. A majority of them were skilled laborers from the coal mines of Wales who had been recruited by American mining companies. Readily accepted by American society, Welsh immigrants experienced a unique process of acculturation. In the first history of this exceptional community, Ronald Lewis explores how Welsh immigrants made a significant contribution to the development of the American coal industry and how their rapid and successful assimilation affected Welsh American culture.Lewis describes how Welsh immigr

Coal mines and mining --- Coal miners --- Immigrants --- Welsh Americans --- Coal mining --- Collieries --- Energy industries --- Mines and mineral resources --- Colliers (Coal miners) --- Miners --- Ethnology --- Welsh --- Social aspects --- History. --- Social conditions. --- Ethnic identity. --- Cultural assimilation. --- West Virginia --- Pennsylvania --- Middle West --- American Midwest --- Central States --- Central States Region --- Midwest --- Midwest States --- Midwestern States --- North Central Region --- North Central States --- Mississippi River Valley --- Northwest, Old --- Pensilvania --- Staat Pennsylvania --- Štatu Pennsylvanie --- Stanu Pennsylvania --- Stato di Pennsylvania --- Vysomene Valstijos Pennsylvania --- Commonwealth of Pennsylvania --- Ḳommonṿelṭ of Pensilṿeynia --- Pennsylvaani --- Pennsilfaani --- Keystone State --- Quaker State --- ペンシルベニア州 --- Penshirubenia-shū --- ペンシルベニア --- Penshirubenia --- ペンシルヴェイニア州 --- Penshiruveinia-shū --- ペンシルヴェイニア --- Penshiruveinia --- ペンシルヴァニア州 --- Penshiruvania-shū --- ペンシルヴァニア --- Penshiruvania --- פנסילבניה --- Pensilvanyah --- Province of Pennsilvania --- Pennsilvania --- Counties of New-Castle, Kent, and Sussex upon Delaware --- W. Va. --- WV --- West Va. --- W.V. (West Virginia) --- W. Virg. --- State of West Virginia --- Wes-Virginië --- Wescht Virginia --- Virchinia Occidental --- Estato de Virchinia Occidental --- Virginia du Ponant --- Virxinia Occidental --- Kuarahyresẽ Virginia --- Qärbi Virciniya --- Штат Заходняя Вірджынія --- Shtat Zakhodni︠a︡i︠a︡ Virdz︠h︡ynii︠a︡ --- Заходняя Вірджынія --- Zakhodni︠a︡i︠a︡ Virdz︠h︡ynii︠a︡ --- Западна Вирджиния --- Zapadna Virdzhinii︠a︡ --- Щат Западна Вирджиния --- Shtat Zapadna Virdzhinii︠a︡ --- Zapadna Virginia --- Virginia ar C'hornaoueg --- Virgínia de l'Oest --- Virgínia Occidental --- Анăç Вирджини --- Anăś Virdzhini --- Virginia --- Virginia (Reorganized government : 1861-1863) --- Ethnic relations.

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Factory system --- Mines and mineral resources --- Slave labor --- History --- Maryland --- Virginia --- History.

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From the early day of mining in colonial Virginia and Maryland up to the time of World War II, blacks were an important part of the labor force in the coal industry. Yet in this, as in other enterprises, their role has heretofore been largely ignored. Now Roland L. Lewis redresses the balance in this comprehensive history of black coal miners in America. The experience of blacks in the industry has varied widely over time and by region, and the approach of this study is therefore more comparative than chronological. Its aim is to define the patterns of race relations that prevailed among the m

African American coal miners --- History.

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