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Public economics --- Hygiene. Public health. Protection --- Europe --- Central Asia
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A deeply informed Afrocentric view of language and cultural retention under slavery. Maureen Warner-Lewis offers a comprehensive description of the West African language of Yoruba as it has been used on the island of Trinidad in the southern Caribbean. The study breaks new ground in addressing the experience of Africans in one locale of the Africa Diaspora and examines the nature of their social and linguistic heritage as it was successively retained, modified, and discarded in a European-dominated island community.
Yoruba language --- Aku language --- Eyo language --- Nago language --- Yariba language --- Kwa languages --- Dialects --- Ethnohistory --- Ethnohistorical method --- Historical anthropology --- Historical ethnology --- Anthropology --- Ethnology --- Methodology
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The impacts of health care investments in developing and transition countries are typically measured by inputs and general health outcomes. Missing from the health agenda are measures of performance that reflect whether health systems are meeting their objectives; public resources are being used appropriately; and the priorities of governments are being implemented. This paper suggests that good governance is central to raising performance in health care delivery. Crucial to high performance are standards, information, incentives and accountability. This paper provides a definition of good governance in health and a framework for thinking about governance issues as a way of improving performance in the health sector. Performance indicators that offer the potential for tracking relative health performance are proposed, and provide the context for the discussion of good governance in health service delivery in the areas of budget and resource management, individual provider performance, health facility performance, informal payments, and corruption perceptions. What we do and do not know about effective solutions to advance good governance and performance in health is presented for each area, drawing on existing research and documented experiences.
Clinics --- Health Care --- Health Monitoring and Evaluation --- Health outcomes --- Health policy --- Health services --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Hospitals --- Immunization --- Intermediaries --- Law and Development --- Laws --- Life expectancy --- Medicines --- Mortality --- Nurses --- Patient --- Patient satisfaction --- Patients --- Physicians --- Public health --- Quality control --- Workers
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Despite a sharp increase in the share of girls who enroll in, attend, and complete various levels of schooling, an educational gender gap remains in some countries. This paper argues that one explanation for this gender gap is the degree of social exclusion within these countries, as indicated by ethno-linguistic heterogeneity, which triggers both economic and psycho-social mechanisms to limit girls' schooling. Ethno-linguistic heterogeneity initially was applied to explaining lagging economic growth, but has emerged in the literature more recently to explain both civil conflict and public goods. This paper is a first application of the concept to explain gender gaps in education. The paper discusses the importance of female education for economic and social development, reviews the evidence regarding gender and ethnic differences in schooling, reviews the theoretical perspectives of various social science disciplines that seek to explain such differences, and tests the relevance of ethnic and linguistic heterogeneity in explaining cross-country differences in school attainment and learning. The study indicates that within-country ethnic and linguistic heterogeneity partly explains both national female primary school completion rates and gender differences in these rates, but only explains average national learning outcomes when national income measures are excluded.
Completion rates --- Disability --- Education --- Education for All --- Effective Schools and Teachers --- Female education --- Gender --- Gender and Education --- Gender Gap --- Girls --- Human Development --- Learning --- Primary Education --- Primary school --- Primary school completion --- Schooling --- Social development --- Social Protections and Labor
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Black people --- Acculturation --- History --- History --- Caribbean Area --- Caribbean Area --- Caribbean Area --- Africa, Central --- Africa, Central --- Karibik. --- Zentralafrika. --- Civilization --- African influences. --- Social life and customs. --- Religious life and customs. --- Social life and customs. --- Religious life and customs.
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Despite a sharp increase in the share of girls who enroll in, attend, and complete various levels of schooling, an educational gender gap remains in some countries. This paper argues that one explanation for this gender gap is the degree of social exclusion within these countries, as indicated by ethno-linguistic heterogeneity, which triggers both economic and psycho-social mechanisms to limit girls' schooling. Ethno-linguistic heterogeneity initially was applied to explaining lagging economic growth, but has emerged in the literature more recently to explain both civil conflict and public goods. This paper is a first application of the concept to explain gender gaps in education. The paper discusses the importance of female education for economic and social development, reviews the evidence regarding gender and ethnic differences in schooling, reviews the theoretical perspectives of various social science disciplines that seek to explain such differences, and tests the relevance of ethnic and linguistic heterogeneity in explaining cross-country differences in school attainment and learning. The study indicates that within-country ethnic and linguistic heterogeneity partly explains both national female primary school completion rates and gender differences in these rates, but only explains average national learning outcomes when national income measures are excluded.
Completion rates --- Disability --- Education --- Education for All --- Effective Schools and Teachers --- Female education --- Gender --- Gender and Education --- Gender Gap --- Girls --- Human Development --- Learning --- Primary Education --- Primary school --- Primary school completion --- Schooling --- Social development --- Social Protections and Labor
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The impacts of health care investments in developing and transition countries are typically measured by inputs and general health outcomes. Missing from the health agenda are measures of performance that reflect whether health systems are meeting their objectives; public resources are being used appropriately; and the priorities of governments are being implemented. This paper suggests that good governance is central to raising performance in health care delivery. Crucial to high performance are standards, information, incentives and accountability. This paper provides a definition of good governance in health and a framework for thinking about governance issues as a way of improving performance in the health sector. Performance indicators that offer the potential for tracking relative health performance are proposed, and provide the context for the discussion of good governance in health service delivery in the areas of budget and resource management, individual provider performance, health facility performance, informal payments, and corruption perceptions. What we do and do not know about effective solutions to advance good governance and performance in health is presented for each area, drawing on existing research and documented experiences.
Clinics --- Health Care --- Health Monitoring and Evaluation --- Health outcomes --- Health policy --- Health services --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Hospitals --- Immunization --- Intermediaries --- Law and Development --- Laws --- Life expectancy --- Medicines --- Mortality --- Nurses --- Patient --- Patient satisfaction --- Patients --- Physicians --- Public health --- Quality control --- Workers
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This book containes a series of "state of the art" essays on topics related to health and growth. The Commission on Growth and Development (CGD)--in preparing its own Growth Report--wished to take stock of the current state of knowledge and understanding of economic growth, and thus commissioned a series of essays on a range of thematic areas. One such area is health. The following questions are discussed in the book:Does investing in health raise economic growth? Can governments achieve rapid growth or high incomes without investing in health? What are the options and benefits of different an
Medical economics. --- Medical care --- Public health administration. --- Finance. --- Health administration --- Health care administration --- Health sciences administration --- Public health --- Economics, Medical --- Health --- Health economics --- Hygiene --- Medicine --- Administration --- Economic aspects --- Health services administration
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