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In these essays, Joseph M. Levine shows how the idea and method of modern history first began to develop during the Renaissance, when a clear distinction between history and fiction was first proposed. The new claims for history were met by a scepticism in a debate that still echoes today. Levine's first three essays discuss Thomas More's preoccupation with the distinction between history and fiction; Erasmus's biblical criticism and the contribution of Renaissance philology to critical method; and the way in which Renaissance rhetoric, as in Thomas Elyot's "Book of the Governor", continued to inhibit the autonomy of history. He then shows how these issues persisted into the 18th century, even as critical method developed. He concludes with a close description of the great controversy that culminated in Edward Gibbon's day over the authenticity of a biblical text that had been used for centuries to defend the Trinity but which turned out to be a forgery. Levine shows how by then all sides were ready to concede the autonomy of history.

History as a science --- History --- -History --- -Annals --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Methodology --- Philosophy --- -Methodology --- Histoire --- Philosophy. --- Methodology. --- Philosophie --- Méthodologie --- Méthodologie --- Historiography --- History, Modern

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Ancients and moderns, Quarrel of. --- Historiography --- English literature --- Classical literature --- Classicism --- Criticism --- Comparative literature --- History --- History and criticism. --- History and criticism --- Theory, etc. --- Appreciation --- Classical and modern. --- Modern and classical. --- Augustus, --- Influence. --- Great Britain --- Intellectual life --- Civilization --- Roman influences. --- Ancients and moderns, Quarrel of --- -Comparative literature --- Battle of the books --- Moderns and ancients, Quarrel of --- Quarrel of ancients and moderns --- Tradition in literature --- -Classical and modern --- -Engelse literatuur--18e eeuw. Periode 1700-1799 --- -Battle of the books --- 820 "17" --- Literary tradition --- French literature --- Literature, Classical --- Literature --- Literature, Ancient --- Greek literature --- Latin literature --- 820 "17" Engelse literatuur--18e eeuw. Periode 1700-1799 --- Engelse literatuur--18e eeuw. Periode 1700-1799 --- History and criticism&delete& --- Theory, etc --- Classical and modern --- Modern and classical --- Octavius Caesar, --- Gaius Octavius, --- Octavius, Gaius, --- Octavianus, --- Octavianus, Gaius Julius Caesar, --- Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus, --- Octavian, --- Caius Julius Caesar Octavianus, --- T︠S︡ezarʹ Oktavian Avgust, --- Oktavian-Avgust, T︠S︡ezarʹ, --- Avgust, T︠S︡ezarʹ Oktavian, --- Octavianus Augustus, --- Augusto, --- Cesarz August, --- Ogusṭus, --- Augustus Caesar, --- Gaius Octavius Thurinus, --- Octavio Augusto, --- Cayo Octavio Turino, --- Thurinus, Gaius Octavius, --- Turino, Cayo Octavio, --- אוגוסטוס --- Rome

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Joseph M. Levine provides a witty and erudite account of one of the most celebrated chapters in English cultural history, the acrimonious quarrel between the "ancients" and the "moderns" which Jonathan Swift dubbed "the Battle of the Books." The dispute that amused and excited the English world of letters from 1690 until the 1730s was, Levine shows, an installment in the long-standing debate about the relationship of classical learning to modern life.Levine argues that the debate was fundamentally a quarrel about the rival claims of history and literature concerning the proper way to understand the authors of the past. He skillfully examines how both sides wrote their own brands of history: The moderns, led by Richard Bentley, proposed that the "modern" inventions of classical scholarship and archaeology gave them a superior insight into the past; the ancients, marshaled by Jonathan Swift and Alexander Pope, held out for a more direct imitation of antiquity and opposed the new scholarship with all the force of their satire and invective. Levine demonstrates that the ancients and the moderns influenced each other in powerful ways, and had much more in common than they knew. Chronicling a critical episode in the development of modem scholarship, The Battle of the Books illuminates the roots of present-day controversies about the role of the classics in the curriculum and the place of the humanities in education.

Comparative literature --- Criticism --- Classical literature --- Classicism --- English literature --- Historiography --- Ancients and moderns, Quarrel of. --- Modern and classical. --- Classical and modern. --- History --- Appreciation --- History and criticism --- Theory, etc. --- History and criticism. --- Augustus, --- Influence. --- Great Britain --- Civilization --- Roman influences. --- Intellectual life

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Great Britain - Historiography. --- Historiography - Great Britain - History. --- Humanism - Great Britain.

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