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This volume examines the process by which Keynes' message got interpreted and re-interpreted and thus separated into a Left and a Right political-economic stream. Archival evidence is used to shed a fresh light on many of the controversies (and colourful characters) of the Keynesian tradition.

Economic schools --- Keynesian economics --- -IS-LM model (Macroeconomics) --- -330.156 --- Macroeconomics --- Post-Keynesian economics --- Schools of economics --- Archival resources --- Keynes, John Maynard, --- Sraffa, Piero, --- Robertson, Dennis Holme, --- Harrod, Roy Forbes, --- Kahn, Richard F. --- Robinson, Joan, --- Kaldor, Nicholas, --- Weintraub, Sidney, --- Kaldor, Nicholas Kaldor, --- Kaldor, --- Robinson, Joan Violet, --- Kahn, Richard, --- Robertson, D. H. --- Keĭns, Dzhon Maĭnard, --- Kʻai-yin-ssŭ, --- Kʻai-en-ssu, --- Keynes, J. M. --- Kenis, C. M., --- Keyns, C. M., --- IS-LM model (Macroeconomics) --- Sraffa, Piero --- Harrod, Roy, --- Kahn, Richard F --- Archival resources. --- Sraffa, Piero. --- Harrod, R. F. --- Harrod, Henry Roy Forbes, --- Sraffa, P. --- Economic history. --- Economic theory. --- Macroeconomics. --- Economics. --- Macroeconomics/Monetary Economics//Financial Economics. --- Methodology/History of Economic Thought. --- Economic Theory/Quantitative Economics/Mathematical Methods. --- Economics --- Economic theory --- Political economy --- Social sciences --- Economic man --- Economic conditions --- History, Economic --- History of Economic Thought/Methodology. --- Kahn, Richard Ferdinand, --- Rābīnsūn, Jawn, --- Rābīnsūn, Jūn, --- رابينسون، جون --- Keynes, J. Maynard --- Keynes, J.M. --- Keynesian economics - Archival resources --- IS-LM model (Macroeconomics) - Archival resources --- Keynes, John Maynard, - 1883-1946 --- Robertson, Dennis Holme, - Sir, - 1890-1963 --- Harrod, Roy, - 1900-1978 --- Kahn, Richard Ferdinand, - 1905-1989 --- Robinson, Joan, - 1903-1983 --- Kaldor, Nicholas, - 1908-1986 --- Weintraub, Sidney, - 1914-1983

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For twenty-five years, the International Monetary Fund administered a worldwide system of fixed exchange rates until their system was destroyed by a combination of market forces and those who advocated market forces. The first destructive element has been extensively analyzed; the second has hitherto been almost completely ignored. Robert Leeson examines the process by which the case for flexible exchange rates was transformed from an academic exercise to become the organizing principle for international monetary relations.

International finance --- Foreign exchange rates. --- International economic relations. --- Foreign exchange rates --- International economic relations --- Finance --- Business & Economics --- International Finance --- Relations économiques internationales. --- Taux de change. --- Bretton Woods overeenkomsten. --- Internationale economische betrekkingen. --- Wisselkoersen. --- 334.0 --- 334.10 --- AA / International- internationaal --- 338.340 --- 331.157 --- 333.164.0 --- 333.432.8 --- Algemene theorieën en beginselen. --- Algemene economie : algemeenheden. --- Algemene ontwikkeling in de Derde Wereld. --- Geldwezen sedert 1945. --- Internationale Bank voor Herstel en Ontwikkeling: algemeen. --- Internationale monetaire organisatie. Internationaal Muntfonds. Algemene leningovereenkomsten. --- Economic policy, Foreign --- Economic relations, Foreign --- Economics, International --- Foreign economic policy --- Foreign economic relations --- Interdependence of nations --- International economic policy --- International economics --- New international economic order --- Economic policy --- International relations --- Economic sanctions --- Exchange rates --- Fixed exchange rates --- Flexible exchange rates --- Floating exchange rates --- Fluctuating exchange rates --- Foreign exchange --- Rates of exchange --- Algemene theorieën en beginselen --- Geldwezen sedert 1945 --- Internationale Bank voor Herstel en Ontwikkeling: algemeen --- Internationale monetaire organisatie. Internationaal Muntfonds. Algemene leningovereenkomsten --- Algemene economie : algemeenheden --- Algemene ontwikkeling in de Derde Wereld --- Rates --- International Monetary Fund. --- Internationaal monetair fonds --- International monetary fund --- IMF.

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Chicago school of economics --- Friedman, Milton, --- 330.1553 --- Monetarism --- Neoclassical school of economics --- Fridman, M., --- Fridmen, Milton, --- Fu-li-te-man, --- Pʻŭridŭman, Miltʻŭn, --- Folimin, Mi'erdun, --- Economic schools --- Friedman, Milton, - 1912-2006

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This tenth part of Robert Leeson's collaborative biography of Friedrich August von Hayek explores Hayek’s thought on the free market and democracy. Using an unparalleled array of archival materials, Leeson reconstructs Hayek’s thinking as the notorious economist and his acolytes set about reshaping the post-war economic order. Darker areas of Hayek’s thought are also explored, including the influence of eugenics on his thought and his support for radical right-wing dictatorships in South America.  Leeson concludes this volume with a collection of chapters written by eminent scholars of Hayek. These chapters cover subjects as diverse as Hayek’s influence on scholars of Darwinian evolution, his views on psychology, and cultural evolution. .

Economics. --- History of Economic Thought/Methodology. --- Economists --- Hayek, Friedrich A. von --- Hai-yeh-kʻo, --- Hayek, Friedrich August von, --- Hayek, F. A. von --- Haiekʻŭ, Pʻŭridŭrihi A., --- Khaĭek, F. A., --- Hayek, Frederich August von, --- Von Hayek, Friedrich A. --- Hayeke, --- 哈耶克, F.A. 冯, --- 哈葉克, --- 海耶克, --- Economic history. --- Economic conditions --- History, Economic --- Economics

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F.A. von Hayek (1899-1992) was a Nobel Prize winning economist, famous for promoting an Austrian version of classical liberalism. The multi-volume Hayek: A Collaborative Biography examines the evolution of his life and influence. Two concepts of civilization revolve around power – should it be separated or concentrated? Liberalism in the non-Austrian classical tradition remains fearful of power concentrated in the hands of government, labour unions or corporations; Red Terrorists sought to monopolize power to liquidate enemies and competitors as a prelude to utopia (the ‘withering away of the State’); and behind the ‘slogan of liberty,’ White Terror promoters (Mises and Hayek) sought to concentrate power in the hands of a ‘dictatorial democracy’ where henchmen would liquidate enemies, and – ‘guided’ by ‘utopia’ (the ‘spontaneous’ order) – follow orders from their social superiors. This volume, Part XII, examines the ‘free’ market Use of Knowledge in Society; examines the foundations of ‘free’ market educational credentials; and asks whether those funded by the tobacco industry and the carbon lobby should be accorded ‘independent policy expert’ status. .

Economics. --- History of Economic Thought/Methodology. --- Political Economy/Economic Policy. --- Economists --- Economic history. --- Economic policy. --- Economic Policy. --- Economic nationalism --- Economic planning --- National planning --- State planning --- Economics --- Planning --- National security --- Social policy --- Economic conditions --- History, Economic