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This book introduces three innovative concepts and associated financial instruments with the potential to revolutionise real estate finance. The factorisation of commercial real estate with factor-based real estate derivatives is the first concept analysed in this book. Methodological issues pertaining to factors in real estate risk analysis are covered in detail with in-depth academic reference. The book then analyses the digitalisation of commercial real estate. The environment in which buildings operate is changing fast. Cities which used to be made up of inanimate architectural structures are growing digital skins and becoming smarter. Smart technologies applied to the built environment are fundamentally changing buildings' role in cities and their interactions with their occupants. The book introduces the concept of smart space and analyses the emergence of 'digital rights' or property rights for smart buildings in smart environments. It proposes concepts and methods for identifying, pricing, and trading these new property rights which will dominate commercial real estate in the future. Finally, the tokenisation of commercial real estate is explored. Sometimes described as an alternative to securitisation, tokenisation is a new tool in financial engineering applied to real assets. The book suggests two innovative applications of tokenisation: private commercial real estate index tokenisation and data tokens for smart buildings. With factorisation, digitalisation, and tokenisation, commercial real estate is at the forefront of innovations. Real estate's unique characteristics, stemming from its physicality, trigger new ways of thinking which might have a profound impact on other asset classes by paving the way for micro markets. Factor-based property derivatives, digital rights, and tokens embody how commercial real estate can push the boundaries of modern capitalism and, in doing so, move at the centre of tomorrow's smart economies. This book is essential reading for all real estate, finance, and smart technology researchers and interested professionals.

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Ni manuel d'initiation, ni essai de théorisation, Sociologie du politique propose aux étudiants en sciences politiques, droit et sciences économiques, aux observateurs et aux acteurs de la vie publique, un guide-itinéraire pour parcourir et déchiffrer ce territoire aujourd'hui ouvert à l'expérience des citoyens comme à l'investigation des scientifiques.----Il en livre une approche compréhensive et synthétique, fondée sur trois orientations analytiques.----Un concept : au-delà de son image caricaturale au miroir de la politique-spectacle, le politique s'enracine au cœur de l'univers anthropologique, dans la dialectique du conflit et de l'ordre constitutive des sociétés humaines.----Une méthode : dimension vitale de la personnalité comme de la collectivité, le politique doit être appréhendé par une sociologie aussi attentive aux acteurs qu'aux mécanismes du pouvoir, aux systèmes de la tradition qu'aux États de la modernité.----Une problématique : effet de l'organisation de chaque société mais aussi opérateur-clé de sa reproduction, il peut être expliqué par ce jeu d'interactions entre production sociale de politique et régulation politique du social.

Political anthropology.

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Buckingham, Paul E.