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The paper contributes to the discussion about the revenue implications of trade reform by assessing the approximate fiscal revenue impact of different liberalization formulae under consideration in multilateral trade negotiations for a group of low- and middle-income countries. The study applies a linear optimization framework to data for bound tariffs, applied tariffs, and imports at the HS-6 digit level for 58 developing countries, and simulates results for different sets of import demand elasticities and developing country "flexibilities." While only a small number of countries face a significant impact, results point toward the need for complementary fiscal measures in the countries most affected by revenue loss.

Electronic books. -- local. --- Free trade. --- Tariff. --- Commerce --- Business & Economics --- International Commerce --- Ad valorem tariff --- Border taxes --- Customs (Tariff) --- Customs duties --- Duties --- Fees, Import --- Import controls --- Import fees --- Tariff on raw materials --- Free trade and protection --- Trade, Free --- Trade liberalization --- Commercial policy --- Indirect taxation --- Revenue --- Customs administration --- Favored nation clause --- Non-tariff trade barriers --- Reciprocity (Commerce) --- International trade --- Exports and Imports --- Taxation --- Economic Theory --- Trade Policy --- International Trade Organizations --- Trade: General --- Agriculture: Aggregate Supply and Demand Analysis --- Prices --- Public finance & taxation --- International economics --- Economic theory & philosophy --- Tariffs --- Imports --- Taxes on trade --- Demand elasticity --- Tariff --- Elasticity --- Economics --- Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China