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Abstract Introduction: Age estimation is an integral part of forensic science. It is a scientific process that assess the chronological age of a person (deceased or alive) through dental and skeletal indicators. For dental age estimation in children, developing permanent teeth are commonly used. As, third molars are also in initial development in children, it is expected that combined information from both developing seven permanent teeth and third molar will provide better age prediction performances. Aim: To evaluate if third molar development is providing an additional age prediction information in children with permanent teeth (4-16years). Materials and methods: 1818 panoramic radiographs from South African black population was used. Two staging techniques were used. Demirjian’s et al (A-H) [6] staging technique for all developing seven mandibular permanent teeth and modified Kohler et al [14] was used to evaluate all available third molars. A weighted analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bayes’ rule were statistically applied. Comparison was quantified by MAE, RMSE and mean width and coverage of the prediction interval. Inter and intra reliability was checked using Cohen’s Kappa test by restaging 10% of the subjects randomly from the sample. Results: D+K age prediction model showed less RMSE (1.182) in comparison with D (1.95) and K (1.60) model in males and 1.38 (RMSE) in case of females. Significance difference of 0.58 (p<.0001) when compared with MAE D+K with D and 0.36 (p<.0001) when compared with K model separately in males and 0.48 (p<.0001) between MAE D and D+K and 0.35 when compared MAE K with D+K in females was found. D+K model gave maximum coverage in prediction than D and K models separately for males and females. Conclusion: D+K model was providing better age prediction information in children (4-16years) than D and K models separately.
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