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Dissertation
Ultra-fast tiny magnets for magneto-electronic applications
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ISBN: 9056824309 Year: 2003 Publisher: Leuven Katholieke Universiteit Leuven. Faculteit Toegepaste Wetenschappen

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Dissertation
Deelruimte-gebaseerde kwantificatie van biomedische MR spectra met inbreng van voorkennis

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Dissertation
Does astroglial scarring limit the quality of chronic neural recordings? : A combined imaging and electrophysiological study
Authors: --- --- --- ---
Year: 2020 Publisher: Leuven KU Leuven. Faculty of Medicine

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Implantable silicon-based neural probes for high-density neural recordings are important tools for the investigation of neurophysiological systems. However, progress in the application of probes to chronic implants has been hampered by two important challenges: (1) the progressive degradation of the probe/tissue interaction, which results in decreasing recording quality over time, (2) an adequate assessment tools for studying chronic neuroinflammatory reaction and probe performance. To overcome these challenges, we need a method to visualize the structure and function of the tissue surrounding the probe while implanted in the living brain. Therefore, I will (1) develop and validate a rodent cellular imaging assay to study the foreign body response in chronic neural implants, and (2) 1.investigate the relation between glial scarring and quality of neural recordings from chronically implanted silicon probes. These results will provide the necessary information to direct the development of probes with improved long-term recording capabilities. The project will be performed in NERF (Bonin lab) with probe technology from imec (CTT team) and in collaboration with KULeuven (Bart Nuttin) and imec (Liesbet Lagae).

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Dissertation
Cancer cell identification using Raman spectroscopy
Authors: --- ---
Year: 2014 Publisher: Leuven : KU Leuven. Faculteit Ingenieurswetenschappen

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Kanker is een ziekte die in de huidige, verouderende populatie steeds frequenter voorkomt. Onderzoek naar betrouwbare methodes om de ziekte te detecteren en op te volgen zijn dan ook meer dan welkom. Eén van de meer beloftevolle methodes is de detectie van circulerende kankercellen in de bloedstroom aan de hand van ramanspectroscopie. In deze thesis zal het potentieel van deze techniek onderzocht worden. Teneinde over een voldoende uitgebreide database van ramanspectra te beschikken, ging deze thesis van start met het opmeten van de ramanspectra van verschillende celtypes. Ramanspectra dienen vervolgens een aantal preprocessing-stappen te ondergaan. De verschillende mogelijkheden voor een preprocessing-procedure worden uitgebreid vergeleken en geoptimaliseerd. De preprocessing-stappen hebben tot doel het eigenlijke ramansignaal sterker naar voren te laten komen uit het vaak onzuivere spectrum. Op deze spectra dient vervolgens een dimensionaliteitsreductie plaats te vinden. Dit houdt een selectie in van de meest relevante features uit de enorme datahoeveelheid van de spectra. De features moeten optimaal discrimineren tussen de verschillende types cellen en bovendien dient er op biochemisch vlak een verklaring voor te bestaan. Er wordt een brug geslagen naar de biologie van kankercellen, om zo vast te stellen waarin een kankercel zich onderscheidt van een gezonde cel. Nadat het omvangrijke ramanspectrum van een cel gereduceerd is tot een beperkter aantal features, kunnen classificatiemethodes trachten het celtype te achterhalen aan de hand van dit beperkter aantal features. De modellen die in aanmerking komen voor de classificatie van celspectra komen uitgebreid aan bod en de performantie van deze modellen wordt onderzocht en vergeleken. Een volgende stap is het toetsen van de modellen aan de vereisten die nodig zijn voor real-time classificatie van ramanspectra afkomstig van een cellen uit de bloedbaan. Teneinde na te gaan of de detectie en identificatie van een groot aantal celtypes in uitgebreide datasets mogelijk is, wordt eveneens het gebruik van clustering onderzocht. Vanuit de mogelijkheden die classificatie en clusteranalyse bieden, gebeurt tenslotte de voorstelling van een protocol dat mogelijk in staat is tot real-time kankercelidentificatie. Er volgt een uitgebreide bespreking over de toekomstige mogelijkheden van ramanspectroscopie voor kankercelidentificatie.

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Dissertation
Mechanical design of Kirigami structures for brain cell sensing

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The objective of this work is to propose 3D MEA designs to aid the study of neuronal networks, assisting scientists and engineers in their pursuit of restoring function to the mentally and physically disabled. More specifically, the focus is on the mechanical design of these structures, exploring ways of transforming CMOS compatible planar MEA, defined by standard micromachining technologies, into compliant 3D MEA. The first chapter of this work explores the self-assembly of planar MEA into a 3D structure via internal stress. An analytical model is developed, describing the folding of these structures into a third dimension. The validity of the model as well as its limitations are discussed in detail. Furthermore, a design paradigm is introduced after which a concrete implementation is proposed. The second chapter examines a different approach to creating 3D MEA by stacking planar electrode meshes. Several planar mesh designs are proposed and the compliance of these structures is characterized. Design considerations and limitations are discussed in detail. The third chapter aims at combining the findings of the previous chapters to propose a compliant 3D MEA, realized from a planar structure by utilizing external forces. A planar mesh design is proposed which may be transformed into a 3D MEA by a simple out-of-plane actuation. The optimization of the electrode configuration in the proposed design is discussed along with its limitations. Finally a concluding chapter is provided which summarizes the major findings of this work and includes suggestions and recommendations for future work.

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Dissertation
Bepaling van de sterkte van DNA-DNA interacties door middel van diëlektroforetische repulsie.
Authors: --- --- ---
Year: 2009 Publisher: Leuven K.U.Leuven. Faculteit Wetenschappen

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Dissertation
Design And Characterization Of An Innovative Optical Magnetometer

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The development of small, sensitive and accurate magnetic field sensors led to the creation of a wide range of applications. Innovations over the years enabled the development of new means of detecting magnetic fields. Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) based on optical sensing benefits from standard fabrication techniques and offer the opportunity to develop multifunctional chips. The miniaturization of an ultra sensitive optical magnetometer (OM) can lead to interesting applications such as its incorporation in Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs). This work therefore presents the design and characterization of an innovative Lorentz-force OM. The uniform magnetic pressure arising from the force results of the interaction between the magnetic field to be probed and an alternating electrical current applied to a thin metal film deposited on top of a vibrating suspended membrane. The deflection of this $SiO_2$ resonant structure of $mu m$ size is driven by the current frequency (in the $MHz$ range), the current magnitude and by the field strength. This $fm$ deflection is accurately recorded using a novel rib-type silicon photonic waveguide used in a novel Opto-Mechanical Ultrasound Sensor (OMUS) that takes the shape of a ring resonator. Such wavelength selective structure is interrogated by a laser through a connecting waveguide. The change in the gap height between the rib and the slab-part of the waveguide is translated in a change in the optical transmission from the input to the output of the waveguide which is read out by a photo-diode. The designed magnetometer benefits from assets such as the low spatial resolution of MEMS devices, the high sensitivity and low power of cavity optomechanical sensors and the optimally designed and innovative geometry of the OMUS. An analytical model, Finite Element Modeling (FEM), and experimental work in air were used to characterize the performance of the device. In conclusion, this opto-electro-mechanical magnetometer based on an innovative concept could take part in the development of smaller, more accurate and more resistant to harsh environment magnetic field sensors.

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Dissertation
Development of a fluorescence activated droplet sorting with dielectrophoretic actuation

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The goal of this thesis is to optimize a droplet sorter based on dielectrophoresis. Whilst the available devices employ high voltages to get a high throughput, the idea behind this work is to use multi-stage sorting instead. Basically, instead of using a high potential and deflect the droplet all at once, the sequential application of smaller voltages drive the droplet to the collect channel step by step. Along with this novel concept, the device is fabricated using silicon technology, therefore it is well suited for mass production. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the benefits of multi-stage sorting with respect to the currently available devices. Furthermore, some of the shortcoming of the initial device are addressed, such as presence of off-centered droplets and the low throughput. The geometry and the optimization of centering and sorting electrodes is achieved by means of a computational study in COMSOL Multiphysics. The comparison for centering and sorting electrodes successfully determined the best design for each category. Modelling of the sequential activation of sorting electrodes proved that the multi-stage process does sort droplets correctly. However, the voltage applied in multi-stage sorting was found to be higher than the one applied when using a single electrode (one step sorting).Therefore, the only unmistakable advantage of multi-stage sorting is the decreased resident time of the droplets in the sorting zone. It remains to be determined if this advantage is enough to provide state-of-the art throughput.

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Dissertation
Veldpuls-geïnduceerde domeinwandpropagatie in "permalloy" nanodraden.
Authors: --- --- ---
Year: 2007 Publisher: Leuven K.U.Leuven. Faculteit wetenschappen.

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Dissertation
Drift in ISFETs and BioFETs: analysis of cause and influences

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Ion-sensitive Field-effect Transistors (ISFETs) and Biologically sensitive Field-effect transistors (BioFETs) have potential for applications involving pH and biomolecule sensing. Their previously reported ultra-sensitivity and low Limit of Detection (LOD) promises future applications in several fields, involving DNA sequencing, single-molecule sensing and Lab-on-a-chip (LOC) technologies. However, successful large-scale production of ISFET and BioFET applications have not yet been realised. One of the most restricting factors for commercialization has been the undesired drift of the threshold voltage over time. Hence, several research groups have researched this phenomenon which led to multiple distinct hypotheses on the cause of drift in ISFETs. The parameter that has been used for drift characterization in literature expresses the gate voltage drift at a constant channel current over time in millivolt per hour (mV/h), suggesting a linear time dependency. However, the values obtained for this parameter have been widely varying between different research groups. In this thesis, it is suggested that this single drift characterization parameter is vastly insufficient for proper drift characterization. Therefore, a new framework for drift analysis is developed in which the drift is divided in two components, the initial drift and the eventual drift. The former is parameterized by the initial drift time and initial drift amplitude in this framework. The mV/h drift parameter only makes sense as a linear approximation of the eventual drift. It is suggested that the eventual drift in fact has a power-law time decay. The drift of SiO2-, HfO2- and SiON-FinFETs is characterised using this new framework. In addition, the cause of the initial drift component is analysed. It is found that the initial drift is mostly due to a surface hydration process and is partly voltage-induced. Furthermore, the Reference Electrode (RE) was proven not to influence the drift, in contrast to one of the theories in literature. Finally, several possible influences on the drift are investigated. The salinity of the electrolyte is found to significantly influence the initial drift time and initial drift amplitude. Device scaling is shown not to appreciably influence the drift. Other influences such as buffer swaps, oxide thickness and DNA immobilization in BioFETs are investigated as well.

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