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The book discusses ideas concerning the order and balance of nature (or "economy of nature") from the late 17th century to the early 20th century. The perspective taken is broad, longue durée and interdisciplinary, and reveals the interplay of scientific, philosophical, moral and social ideas. The story begins with natural theology (dating roughly to the onset of the so-called Newtonian Revolution) and ends with the First World War. The cut-off date has been chosen for the following reasons: the war changed the state of things, affecting man’s way of looking at, and relating to, nature both directly and indirectly; indeed, it put an end to most applications of Darwinism to society and history, including interpretations of war as a form of the struggle for existence. The author presents an overview of the different images of nature that were involved in these debates, especially in the late 19th century, when a large part of the scientific community paid lip service to ‘Darwinism’, while practically each expert felt free to interpret it in his own distinct way. The book also touches on the so-called ‘social Darwinism’, which was neither a real theory, nor a common body of ideas, and its various views of society and nature’s economy. Part of this book deals with the persistence of moralizing images of nature in the work of many authors. One of the main features of the book is its wealth of (detailed) quotations. In this way the author gives the reader the opportunity to see the original statements on which the author bases his discussion. The author privileges the analysis of different positions over a historiography offering a merely linear narrative based on general implications of ideas and theories. To revisit the concept of the so-called "Darwinian Revolution", we need to examine the various perspectives of scientists and others, their language and, so to speak, the lenses they used when reading "facts" and theories. The book ends with some general reflections on Darwin and Darwinisms (the plural is important) as a case study on the relationship between intellectual history, the history of science and contextual history. Written by a historian, this book really gives new, multidisciplinary perspectives on the "Darwinian Revolution.".
Evolution (Biology). --- Science --- Philosophy of nature. --- Biotic communities. --- Population biology. --- Evolutionary developmental biology. --- Evolutionary Theory. --- History of Science. --- Evolutionary Biology. --- Philosophy of Nature. --- Community and Population Ecology. --- Evolutionary Developmental Biology. --- History.
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Philosophy of nature --- Pure sciences. Natural sciences (general) --- Evolution. Phylogeny --- Pure sciences. Natural sciences --- Applied sciences --- History --- wetenschapsgeschiedenis --- wetenschap --- filosofie --- geschiedenis --- Europees recht --- evolutieleer
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History of philosophy --- Philosophy --- Science --- Historiography. --- History.
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Biology --- History --- Congresses --- Spallanzani, Lazzaro, --- Biologists --- History of medicine --- Proceedings of congresses, symposia --- Biography --- Congresses. --- Study and teaching --- Italy --- Renaissance --- 1453-1600 a.d. --- Proceedings of congresses, symposia. --- Italy.
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Homo animal est : l’être humain appartient lui-même au règne animal, mais il est le seul à projeter sur les autres membres de ce vaste ensemble un regard analytique. Prendre l’animal comme objet d’étude, c’est le propre de l’homme. « Chez absolument tous il y a quelque chose de naturel, c’est-à-dire de beau » : Aristote, s’apprêtant à détailler les Parties des animaux, prévient son lecteur que les animaux les plus répugnants méritent eux aussi l’attention du scientifique, car ils témoignent des règles auxquelles se conforme la nature, que le philosophe a à cœur de percer. Cette longue tradition d’étude du monde animal, renouvelée aujourd’hui par les découvertes sur le génome, a pris de multiples formes au travers des âges ; mais elle a toujours suscité d’amples questionnements, non seulement sur la nature des animaux eux-mêmes, mais aussi, plus largement, sur leur place dans le monde et, en retour, sur celle de l’homme lui-même. Le Congrès national des sociétés historiques et scientifiques rassemble chaque année universitaires, membres de sociétés savantes et jeunes chercheurs. Ce recueil est issu de travaux présentés lors du 141e Congrès sur le thème « L’animal et l’homme ».
History & Philosophy Of Science --- histoire de l'art --- archéologie --- histoire --- littérature --- zoologie --- histoire des sciences --- mythologie --- histoire des religions --- géologie --- philosophie --- Antiquité --- Moyen Âge --- époque moderne --- époque contemporaine
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Religions et mythes antiques ont souvent encouragé une vision fusionnelle entre animal et homme qui semble avoir servi de repoussoir, en tant que symbole du mal ou du diable, aux religions monothéistes : des indices laissés par les vases et les textes grecs jusqu’aux sculptures médiévales en passant par l’Orient, les enquêtes sont toutes complexes et finalement révélatrices des rapports symboliques entre l’animal et l’homme. Le Congrès national des sociétés historiques et scientifiques rassemble chaque année universitaires, membres de sociétés savantes et jeunes chercheurs. Ce recueil est issu de travaux présentés lors du 141e Congrès sur le thème « L'animal et l'homme »
Arts & Humanities --- Classics --- Religion --- sculpture --- architecture --- peinture --- histoire de l'art --- céramique --- mythologie --- histoire --- religion --- archéologie --- philosophie --- numismatique --- littérature --- art --- Antiquité --- Moyen Âge --- époque moderne --- époque contemporaine
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