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Since the late 1940's, a violent African criminal society known as the Marashea has operated in and around South Africa's gold mining areas. With thousands of members involved in drug smuggling, extortion, and kidnapping, the Marashea was more influential in the day-to-day lives of many black South Africans under apartheid than were agents of the state. These gangs remain active in South Africa. In We Are Fighting the World: A History of the Marashea Gangs in South Africa, 1947-1999, Gary Kynoch points to the combination of coercive force and administrative weakness that characterized
Gangs --- Crews (Gangs) --- Crime syndicates --- Street gangs --- Teen gangs --- Teenage gangs --- Criminals --- Juvenile delinquents --- Hoodlums --- History --- History. --- Violence --- Violent behavior --- Social psychology
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A powerful re-reading of modern South African history following apartheid that examines the violent transformation during the transition era and how this was enacted in the African townships of the Witwatersrand.
Apartheid --- Political violence --- Violence --- Political crimes and offenses --- Terrorism --- History. --- African National Congress --- Inkatha Freedom Party --- IFP --- Inkatha Vryheidsparty --- Inkatha (Organization : South Africa) --- African National Congress of South Africa --- African National Congress (South Africa) --- Afrikanskiĭ nat︠s︡ionalʹnyĭ kongress --- ANC --- ANC(SA) --- Ḳongres ha-leʼumi ha-Afriḳani --- South African National Congress --- קונגרס הלאומי האפריקני --- Pan Africanist Congress --- South African Native National Congress --- South Africa --- Politics and government --- Apartheid. --- Political violence. --- Separate development (Race relations) --- Segregation --- Anti-apartheid movements --- Post-apartheid era
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