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Green innovation can become a new driver of growth. It can spur economic growth by (a) enhancing productivity in traditional industries by reducing the energy use and lessening the environmental impact; (b) expanding new green industries, such as renewable energy, clean cars, and waste management; and (c) leapfrogging current technology to give rise to new industries. The Chinese government is hopeful that green innovation will substantially enhance growth, and this study explores that potential. The study analyzes a few specific sectors in which China has varying levels of advancement: wind, solar, and energy storage. These sectors have been chosen on the basis of (a) their central role in China's ability to meet its green growth and greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction goals, (b) China's continuing large public investment into innovation in these sectors, and (c) the expected availability of data to use in the analysis, including outputs such as patenting and inputs such as public and private investment in research and development (R&D). The government plays an essential role in establishing a conducive environment for green innovation. Given the high fixed costs associated, green sectors are even more dependent on the public sectors and favorable regulatory regimes. The recommendations provided in in this study aim to provide China with more comprehensive support for select green sectors.

Energy --- Windpower

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Job creation and productivity growth are at the forefront of the global development agenda. The central challenge today for the government of Armenia is to find new sources of long-term economic growth to become an upper middle-income country, with a view to experiencing a substantial transformation of its economic structure to one that is resilient to external shocks in the medium term. A dynamic and vibrant private sector is thus crucial to Armenias economic growth, with firms making new investments, creating jobs, improving productivity, and promoting growth. Entrepreneurial activity is pivotal to the continued dynamism of the private sector, with the generation of new businesses fostering competition and economic growth. This study seeks to identify determinants of high-growth entrepreneurial activity. The stusy uses data from the new 2012 World Bank Entrepreneurship Survey conducted to gauge new firm growth in the formal sector in Armenia and data from World Bank Enterprise Surveys to analyze innovative activity in existing firms. It includes detailed case study analyses to complement these findings. The study finds that while there is a higher level of entrepreneurial activity in Armenia when compared to its neighbor Georgia, however there remain a number of constraints that inhibit the growth of entrepreneurial and innovative activity. These constraints include a major skills mismatch, ineffective industry-research linkages and a lack of access to risk capital. While outlining broad policy directions in areas namely improving business environment, access to finance, developing skills, incentivizing greater industry- research collaboration, and raising awareness it lays out some priority areas that the government could embark on. The government could remove bottlenecks from the general business environment that impede able entrepreneurs with good ideas from starting a new venture and creating jobs. This would include strengthening the business environment to allow failure and company exit as a necessary part of entrepreneurial learning, company incentives that favor entrepreneurs with good ideas, instruments that enable entrepreneurs to access capital for startups, and intruments to tap into the vast diaspora pool both in terms of knowledge and capital. We hope that the issues discussed and the dialogue initiated during the course of this study would lend itself to policy design to foster high-growth entrepreneurship with a view to higher growth and job creation in this highly globalized world.

BUSINESS & ECONOMICS --- Entrepreneurship --- Business & Economics --- Economic Theory --- Economic History --- Economic development --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- Entrepreneur --- Intrapreneur --- Economic policy --- Economics --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Resource curse --- Capitalism --- Business incubators

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Traditionally, government and business had few incentives to actively collaborate. For the most part, government regulated business, and business lobbied government on areas of economic interest. When partnerships did occur, they were usually undertaken to invest in large infrastructure projects through formal contractual agreements (Rosenbaum, L., Van Buren, E. and Mennel, J., 2013). With the growing complexity and diversity of socio-economic challenges, the nature of public-private collaborations has seen a fundamental change. Both sides realized that business problems are now government problems-and vice versa-and both are proactively intensifying new approaches to forging partnerships at the highest levels. Consequently, public-private dialogues (PPD) as a form of institutional arrangements have been pivotal in stimulating reform activity and improving a country's investment climate. Against this backdrop, this study explores the key tenets of successful public-private dialogues and its importance in the overall development of an economy in its first chapter. This chapter also seeks to study the various challenges associated with PPDs to caution against their poor administration and consequent threat to diminish the anticipated public good.

Business Environment --- Enterprise Development and Reform --- Investment Climate --- Private Sector Development --- Public Sector Development --- Public-Private Partnerships --- Regulatory Reform --- Small and Medium Size Enterprises

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The Thai economic recovery has continued to broaden and gain momentum, reflecting an increase in external demand amid global growth and a recovery from severe drought. The economy grew by 3.3 percent in 2017Q1, exceeding market expectations, as farm incomes and merchandise and tourism exports rose and fiscal stimulus policies continued. Merchandise exports recorded 6.6 percent growth, the highest growth observed in the last four years, due to both rising global commodity price and trading partner growth. Economic indicators suggest that the goods export upswing became increasingly broad-based and sustained in 2017Q2. The agricultural sector expanded by 7.7 percent due to rising agricultural prices and recovery from severe drought in 2015-2016. Domestic demand remained lackluster. Both private investment and private consumption growth remained sluggish. Private investment contracted by 1.1 percent in 2017Q1, reflecting spare production capacity in the manufacturing sector although certain subsectors showed lowered spare capacity due to increased external demand. Overall credit issuance remained subdued as lending standards tightened while loans to large corporates turned positive in 2017Q1 for the first time since 2015. Loans to SMEs and households continued their deceleration trends. Softening food prices resulted in a deceleration in headline inflation. The broadening export upturn and public infrastructure plans are contributing to an improvement in Thailand's economic outlook. Economic growth is projected to reach 3.5 percent in 2017 and 3.6 percent in 2018, as inflation is expected to return gradually to the low end of the inflation target range (1.0-4.0 percent). Continued agricultural recovery and strengthened household balance sheets will support private consumption growth while the export upswing will eventually spur manufacturing activity, capital goods import and private investment. However, a self-sustained recovery will hinge rising domestic demand supported by continued expansionary fiscal and monetary policies. Public infrastructure investments to connect lagging regions and upgrade rail through dual tracking can crowd in private investment, raise economy-wide productivity and improve investor sentiment. One specific focus area would be network slicing to ready broadband networks for the industries of the future in key requirements: latency, throughput, capacity and availability. Broadband infrastructure in Thailand will face exploding demands of data and heterogeneous requirements of different industries e.g. automotive, healthcare, logistics, retail or utilities. The network requirements for a factory with automated and flexible production systems would differ from those of a hospital doing robotic surgeries, or from the requirements of self-driving cars. To cater to these different requirements, networks will need to support different requirements for latency, throughput, capacity and availability. This would require a paradigm shift towards network slicing which can meet such needs. The European Commission is supporting a coalition of network operators1 and academic institutions to focus on network slicing for 5G, and has provided USD 8.9 million in funding for the initiative.

Agribusiness --- Business Environment --- Digital Divide --- Economic Growth --- Fiscal And Monetary Policy --- Ict Economics --- Information And Communication Technologies --- Macroeconomics And Economic Growth --- Science And Technology Development --- Technology Innovation

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