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Pollution liability insurance --- Hazardous substances --- Risk management --- Assurance de responsabilité pour dommages à l'environnement --- Substances dangereuses --- Gestion du risque --- Congresses --- Management --- Accidents --- Congrès --- Gestion --- #TSAF:BOEK --- Assurance de responsabilité pour dommages à l'environnement --- Congrès
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Age and size distinctly affect firms' financial management of infrequent risks. We examine a rare, severe event using detailed firm-level data collected following Hurricane Sandy in the New York area. Our results follow recent contributions from dynamic risk management theory, namely that larger firms are more likely to insure and to use credit after a shock. We build on this theory, showing tradeoffs between managing frequent versus infrequent risks: young firms, exposed to many risks, do not insure against infrequent events and are ex post credit constrained. Consequently, younger firms and smaller firms disproportionately bore the costs of the shock.
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We examine risk preferences using the flood insurance decisions of over 100,000 households. In each contract, households make a small stakes decision, the deductible, and a large stakes one, the coverage limit. Expected utility models predict that households would choose high deductibles and low coverage limits, but households do the opposite. Allowing for probability distortions improves our models. Assessing rank dependent utility models, we find that households follow two tenants of prospect theory: overestimation of small probabilities and diminishing sensitivity to losses. In every tested model, different preferences characterize households' small and large stakes insurance decisions.
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