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Optical techniques continue to evolve and advance, particularly with the inventions of the laser and holography. This volume provides an introduction to various optical systems and devices that are increasingly being used for engineering, scientific, and industrial applications. Organized into three sections on Holographic Materials, Optical Systems, and Algorithms and Imaging Processing, this book covers basic concepts of holographic materials and systems. Chapters provide comprehensive information on volume holograms, display holograms, full-color holographic optical elements, computer-generated holograms, digital imaging devices, and image processing algorithms. This volume is intended for researchers in the field and interested readers alike.

Holography. --- Laser photography --- Lensless photography --- Photography, Lensless --- Wavefront reconstruction imaging --- Diffraction --- Holographic interferometry --- Interference (Light) --- Interferometry --- Laser recording --- Photonics --- Speckle metrology --- Three-dimensional display systems --- Physical Sciences --- Engineering and Technology --- Physics --- Optics and Lasers

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This book describes the latest advances in systems biology in four plant-based marine ecosystems: seaweeds, seagrasses, microalgae, and corals. Marine organisms that inhabit the oceanic environment experience a diverse range of environmental fluctuations, anthropogenic stress, and threats from invasive species and pathogens. Systems biology integrates physiology, genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics into numerical models and is emerging as an important approach to elucidate the functional adaptations of marine organisms to adverse environmental conditions. This book focuses on how ecophysiology, omics platforms, their integration (a systems biology perspective), and next generation sequencing tools are being used to address the stress response of marine seaweeds, seagrasses, corals, marine microbe diversity, and micro-and macroalgae/corals-bacterial interactions to global climate change and anthropogenic activities. The contents of the book are of special interest to graduate and postgraduate marine biology students and marine biology researchers, particularly those interested in marine ecology, stress physiology of marine macrophytes/corals/phytoplankton, and environmental microbiology. This book would also be of interest to marine engineers engaged in the management and conservation of our valuable marine resources. .

Evolution. Phylogeny --- Hydrobiology --- General ecology and biosociology --- Biology --- Plant genetics. Plant evolution --- Plant physiology. Plant biophysics --- Biotechnology --- systematische plantkunde --- algen --- proteomics --- genomics --- microalgen --- biologie --- biotechnologie --- ecologie --- Europees recht --- evolutieleer --- planten --- ecosystemen --- klimaatverandering

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Neuroscience is an evolving, complex, and multidisciplinary field of medicine. Neuroradiologists and neuropathologists are an important part of the multidisciplinary team in addition to neurosurgeons, neurologists, and other disciplines. Featuring over nine hundred images, this practical textbook and atlas combines the specialties of neuroradiology and neuropathology, providing an extensive understanding of the disease process. It offers a comprehensive review of the nervous system diseases, including eye, skeletal muscle, and bone and soft tissue diseases. Topics are covered in chapters arranged by region, allowing for quick reference of conditions such as brain tumors, spinal cord diseases, or congenital malformations. Introductory chapters on pathologic and radiologic techniques are also featured, enabling specialists of both areas to familiarize themselves with the other's subject. Packaged with a password to give the user online access to all the text and images, this is a must-have resource for comprehensive and accurate diagnosis.

Nervous system --- Diseases.

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This book introduces a variety of neural network methods for solving differential equations arising in science and engineering. The emphasis is placed on a deep understanding of the neural network techniques, which has been presented in a mostly heuristic and intuitive manner. This approach will enable the reader to understand the working, efficiency and shortcomings of each neural network technique for solving differential equations. The objective of this book is to provide the reader with a sound understanding of the foundations of neural networks, and a comprehensive introduction to neural network methods for solving differential equations together with recent developments in the techniques and their applications. The book comprises four major sections. Section I consists of a brief overview of differential equations and the relevant physical problems arising in science and engineering. Section II illustrates the history of neural networks starting from their beginnings in the 1940s through to the renewed interest of the 1980s. A general introduction to neural networks and learning technologies is presented in Section III. This section also includes the description of the multilayer perceptron and its learning methods. In Section IV, the different neural network methods for solving differential equations are introduced, including discussion of the most recent developments in the field. Advanced students and researchers in mathematics, computer science and various disciplines in science and engineering will find this book a valuable reference source.

Mathematics. --- Mathematical Models of Cognitive Processes and Neural Networks. --- Ordinary Differential Equations. --- Numerical and Computational Physics. --- Appl.Mathematics/Computational Methods of Engineering. --- Computational Mathematics and Numerical Analysis. --- Differential Equations. --- Computer science --- Engineering mathematics. --- Mathématiques --- Informatique --- Mathématiques de l'ingénieur --- Differential equations -- Data processing. --- Neural networks (Computer science). --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Computer Science --- Neural networks (Computer science) --- Differential equations --- Data processing. --- 517.91 Differential equations --- Artificial neural networks --- Nets, Neural (Computer science) --- Networks, Neural (Computer science) --- Neural nets (Computer science) --- Differential equations. --- Computer mathematics. --- Physics. --- Applied mathematics. --- Artificial intelligence --- Natural computation --- Soft computing --- Numerical and Computational Physics, Simulation. --- Mathematical and Computational Engineering. --- Computer mathematics --- Discrete mathematics --- Electronic data processing --- Engineering --- Engineering analysis --- Mathematical analysis --- Mathematics --- Neural networks (Computer science) . --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics

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This book highlights the implications of nanotechnology and the effects of nanoparticles on agricultural systems, their interactions with plants as well as their potential applications as fertilizers and pesticides. It also discusses how innovative, eco-friendly approaches to improve food and agricultural systems lead to increased plant productivity. Further, it offers insights into the current trends and future prospects of nanotechnology along with the benefits and risks and their impact on agricultural ecosystems. Nanomaterials in agriculture reduce the amount of chemical products sprayed by means of smart delivery of active ingredients; minimize nutrient losses in fertilization; and increase yields through optimized water and nutrient management. There is also huge potential for nanotechnology in the provision of state-of-the-art solutions for various challenges faced by agriculture and society, both today and in the future. .

Life sciences. --- Agriculture. --- Plant anatomy. --- Plant development. --- Sustainable development. --- Biomaterials. --- Nanotechnology. --- Life Sciences. --- Sustainable Development. --- Plant Anatomy/Development. --- Agricultural innovations. --- Agriculture --- Innovations, Agricultural --- Technological change in agriculture --- Molecular technology --- Nanoscale technology --- Innovations --- Technological innovations --- High technology --- Technology transfer --- Botany --- Plant structure --- Plants --- Structural botany --- Vegetable anatomy --- Anatomy --- Biocompatible materials --- Biomaterials --- Medical materials --- Medicine --- Biomedical engineering --- Materials --- Biocompatibility --- Prosthesis --- Development, Sustainable --- Ecologically sustainable development --- Economic development, Sustainable --- Economic sustainability --- ESD (Ecologically sustainable development) --- Smart growth --- Sustainable development --- Sustainable economic development --- Economic development --- Farming --- Husbandry --- Industrial arts --- Life sciences --- Food supply --- Land use, Rural --- Structure --- Environmental aspects --- Bioartificial materials --- Hemocompatible materials --- Development of plants --- Plant development --- Developmental biology --- Growth (Plants) --- Ontogeny --- Biomaterials (Biomedical materials)