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"Army leaders face a myriad of challenges that demand a wide range of knowledge, skills, abilities, and other characteristics. Army Doctrine Reference Publication 6-22, Army Leadership, delineates the attributes and competencies that leaders should possess in the Army Leader Requirements Model (ALRM). This study supports the Army's leadership development and training efforts by examining psychological constructs associated with intellect, presence, and character attributes specified in the ALRM. One objective of this report is to review research evidence for the extent to which key constructs can be developed through training and education. Findings indicate that some constructs, such as physical fitness, creative thinking skills, and resilience, are amenable to change through training and education, whereas others, such as general mental ability, are more stable. Other constructs, such as generalized self-efficacy and expertise, may be amenable to change, but development requires substantial time and effort. A second objective of the report is to identify established measures of constructs associated with ALRM attributes. For most constructs, there are numerous measures available, consisting largely of tests and surveys. Conclusions in the report address considerations for selection of measures, designs for studying training and education interventions, and recommendations for routine data collection for use in job placement and ongoing study efforts. Findings from this review are relevant not only to leadership and to the Army but to development and assessment of personnel in a wide range of positions and organizations."--Publisher's description.

Command of troops --- Leadership --- Character --- Study and teaching --- Ability testing. --- United States. --- Officers --- Training of. --- Psychology. --- Personnel management.

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Service members must meet medical standards set by the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) to ensure that they are fit to serve in the U.S. military. However, the individual services establish additional standards for specific career field categories. To meet critical skill needs in the future, the U.S. Air Force is interested in better ways to assess and align personnel to career fields. Part of that interest focuses on tailoring medical standards to meet the needs of highly technical career fields with fewer physical demands. Tailoring medical standards involves the systematic development of alternative standards (or tests) or exemptions for one or more medical conditions for individuals or groups of individuals who otherwise meet all other requirements for military service. Although tailoring medical standards may help the Air Force and specific career fields meet manpower requirements, such changes may not be uniformly supported across the Air Force. Given these concerns, the Air Force is exploring alternative ways to assess and align personnel to career fields and jobs using medical standards, such as weight and hearing. As part of this project, the authors examined potential barriers in Air Force culture that could affect the successful implementation of tailored medical standards. This report describes the analysis of these barriers, which could limit the effectiveness of any effort to tailor medical standards. The survey also addressed perceptions related to other medical conditions (such as asthma or depression) and potential uses for genetic testing.

Airmen --- Armed Forces --- Health and hygiene --- Medical examinations. --- United States. --- Recruiting, enlistment, etc. --- United States --- Standards.