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Before the Nazis took power, Jewish businesspeople in Berlin thrived alongside their non-Jewish neighbors. But Nazi racism changed that, gradually destroying Jewish businesses before murdering the Jews themselves. Reconstructing the fate of more than 8,000 companies, this book offers the first comprehensive analysis of Jewish economic activity and its obliteration. Rather than just examining the steps taken by the persecutors, it also tells the stories of Jewish strategies in countering the effects of persecution. In doing so, this book exposes a fascinating paradox where Berlin, serving as the administrative heart of the Third Reich, was also the site of a dense network for Jewish self-help and assertion.
Anti-Jewish boycotts --- Antisemitism --- Jews --- History --- Persecutions
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Combining accessible prose with scholarly rigor, The Participants presents fascinating profiles of the all-too-human men who implemented some of the most inhuman acts in history. On 20 January 1942, fifteen senior German government officials attended a short meeting in Berlin to discuss the deportation and murder of the Jews of Nazi-occupied Europe. Despite lasting less than two hours, the Wannsee Conference is today understood as a signal episode in the history of the Holocaust, exemplifying the labor division and bureaucratization that made the “Final Solution” possible. Yet while the conference itself has been exhaustively researched, many of its attendees remain relatively obscure. From the introduction: Ten of the fifteen participants had been to university. Eight of them had even been awarded doctorates, although it should be pointed out that it was considerably easier to gain a doctorate in law or philosophy in the 1920s than it is today. Eight of them had studied law, which, then as now, was not uncommon in the top positions of public administration. Many first turned to radical politics as members of Freikorps or student fraternities. Three of the participants (Freisler, Klopfer and Lange) had studied in Jena. In the 1920s, the University of Jena was a fertile breeding ground for nationalist thinking. With dedicated Nazi, race researcher and later SS-Hauptsturmbannführer Karl Astel as rector, it developed into a model Nazi university. Race researcher Hans Günther also taught there. Others, such as Reinhard Heydrich, joined the SS because they had failed to launch careers elsewhere, and only became radical once they were members of the self-acclaimed Nazi elite order.
Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) --- War criminals --- Nazis --- Causes. --- Wannsee-Konferenz --- Germany --- Politics and government --- Eichmann. --- German history. --- Germany. --- Holocaust. --- Wannsee Conference. --- final solution. --- genocide. --- hitler. --- nazi era. --- nazi germany. --- nazi. --- second world war. --- third reich.
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Entre mi-mai et début juillet 1944, des centaines de milliers de Juifs hongrois sont déportés à Auschwitz-Birkenau. Pour témoigner auprès de leur hiérarchie de la "bonne mise en oeuvre" de cette opération logistique d'envergure, des officiers SS photographient les étapes qui mènent de l'arrivée des convois jusqu'au seuil des chambres à gaz, ou du camp pour la minorité qui échappa à la mort immédiate. Ces photographies, connues sous le nom d' "Album d'Auschwitz", ont été retrouvées par une rescapée, Lili Jacob, à la libération des camps, avant de servir de preuves dans différents procès et de faire l'objet de plusieurs éditions. Certaines d'entre elles sont même devenues iconiques. Par-delà l'horreur dont elles témoignent, ces images restent pourtant méconnues et difficiles d'interprétation. Ce livre permet d'y jeter un regard neuf.Préfacé par Serge Klarsfeld, fruit de cinq années de recherches franco-allemandes, il analyse l'album dans ses multiples dimensions. Pour quelle raison a-t-il été réalisé et quand ? Comment a-t-il été constitué ? Que peut-on voir, ou ne pas voir, sur ces photographies ? Trois historiens reconnus et spécialistes de la persécution des Juifs d'Europe, Tal Bruttmann, Stefan Hördler, Christoph Kreutzmüller, ont mené un remarquable travail d'enquête, recomposant les séries de photographies, analysant des détails passés inaperçus, permettant un travail d'identification et de chronologie inédit. Dans le même temps, c'est une véritable réflexion sur l'usage des images et de la photographie, de leur violence potentielle mais aussi de leur force de témoignage et de preuve que les historiens proposent. Ce faisant, ils élargissent la connaissance tout en redonnant vie, mouvement et dignité aux personnes photographiées quelques minutes avant une mort dont elles n'avaient pas idée. --
Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) --- Guerre mondiale (1939-1945) --- Camps de concentration --- Juifs --- Oświęcim (Pologne) --- Birkenau (Pologne) --- World War, 1939-1945 --- Nazi concentration camps --- Photography. --- Concentration camps --- Auschwitz (Concentration camp) --- Guerre mondiale, 2e -- 1939-1945 --- Juif --- Déportation --- Extermination --- Photographie --- Hongrie --- Auschwitz --- Deportations from Hungary. --- Photographs --- Konzentrationslager Auschwitz --- Déportations de Hongrie --- Photographs.
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During the Nazi era, about three million Jews – half the victims of the Holocaust – were deported from the German Reich, the occupied territories, as well as Nazi-allied countries, and sent to ghettos, camps, and extermination centers. The police and the SS also deported tens of thousands of Sinti and Roma, mainly to the Auschwitz concentration and extermination camp, where most of them were killed. Deportations were central to National Socialist persecution and extermination. In November 2020, an international conference organized by the Arolsen Archives focused on the various historical sources, their research potential, and (digital) methods of cataloging them. It also explored new (systematizing and comparative) approaches in historical research. This volume features over 20 contributions by scholars from different countries and with a variety of perspectives and questions. The main geographical focus is on deportations from the German Reich and German-occupied Southeastern Europe.
HISTORY / Europe / Germany. --- Holocaust. --- Porajmos. --- Shoah. --- national socialism. --- transports.
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