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Imagine a world where machines can see and understand the world the way humans do. Rapid progress in artificial intelligence has led to smartphones that recognize faces, cars that detect pedestrians, and algorithms that suggest diagnoses from clinical images, among many other applications. The success of computer vision is founded on a deep understanding of the neural circuits in the brain responsible for visual processing. This book introduces the neuroscientific study of neuronal computations in visual cortex alongside of the psychological understanding of visual cognition and the burgeoning field of biologically-inspired artificial intelligence. Topics include the neurophysiological investigation of visual cortex, visual illusions, visual disorders, deep convolutional neural networks, machine learning, and generative adversarial networks among others. It is an ideal resource for students and researchers looking to build bridges across different approaches to studying and developing visual systems.
Computer vision. --- Vision. --- Eyesight --- Seeing --- Sight --- Senses and sensation --- Blindfolds --- Eye --- Physiological optics --- Machine vision --- Vision, Computer --- Artificial intelligence --- Image processing --- Pattern recognition systems
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How visual content is represented in neuronal population codes and how to analyze such codes with multivariate techniques. Vision is a massively parallel computational process, in which the retinal image is transformed over a sequence of stages so as to emphasize behaviorally relevant information (such as object category and identity) and deemphasize other information (such as viewpoint and lighting). The processes behind vision operate by concurrent computation and message passing among neurons within a visual area and between different areas. The theoretical concept of "population code" encapsulates the idea that visual content is represented at each stage by the pattern of activity across the local population of neurons. Understanding visual population codes ultimately requires multichannel measurement and multivariate analysis of activity patterns. Over the past decade, the multivariate approach has gained significant momentum in vision research. Functional imaging and cell recording measure brain activity in fundamentally different ways, but they now use similar theoretical concepts and mathematical tools in their modeling and analyses. With a focus on the ventral processing stream thought to underlie object recognition, this book presents recent advances in our understanding of visual population codes, novel multivariate pattern-information analysis techniques, and the beginnings of a unified perspective for cell recording and functional imaging. It serves as an introduction, overview, and reference for scientists and students across disciplines who are interested in human and primate vision and, more generally, in understanding how the brain represents and processes information.
Vision --- Brain --- Neural transmission --- Primates --- Comparative neurobiology --- Multivariate analysis --- Physiological aspects --- Localization of functions --- Physiology --- Comparative neurobiology. --- Multivariate analysis. --- Neural transmission. --- Localization of functions. --- Physiology. --- Physiological aspects. --- Eyesight --- Seeing --- Sight --- Senses and sensation --- Blindfolds --- Eye --- Physiological optics --- Brain function localization --- Cerebral localization --- Localization of cerebral functions --- Neurophysiology --- Phrenology --- Nerve transmission --- Nervous transmission --- Neurotransmission --- Synaptic transmission --- Transmission of nerve impulses --- Neural circuitry --- Neurotransmitters --- Comparative neurology --- Neurobiology --- Multivariate distributions --- Multivariate statistical analysis --- Statistical analysis, Multivariate --- Analysis of variance --- Mathematical statistics --- Matrices --- Functional localization --- Vision - Physiological aspects --- Brain - Localization of functions --- Primates - Physiology --- Primates. --- NEUROSCIENCE/General --- NEUROSCIENCE/Visual Neuroscience --- Quadrumana --- Mammals
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In the last decade, the synergistic interaction of neurosurgeons, engineers, and neuroscientists, combined with new technologies, has enabled scientists to study the awake, behaving human brain directly. These developments allow cognitive processes to be characterised at unprecedented resolution: single neuron activity. In this volume, experts document the successes, challenges, and opportunity in an emerging field.
Neurons -- Physiology. --- Neurons --- Brain mapping --- Neural transmission --- Cognition --- Central Nervous System --- Electrophysiological Processes --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Nervous System --- Diagnostic Imaging --- Investigative Techniques --- Mental Processes --- Signal Transduction --- Nervous System Physiological Processes --- Diagnostic Techniques, Neurological --- Cells --- Biochemical Processes --- Physiological Processes --- Anatomy --- Electrophysiological Phenomena --- Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Nervous System Physiological Phenomena --- Cell Physiological Processes --- Psychological Phenomena and Processes --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Physiological Phenomena --- Chemical Processes --- Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena --- Diagnosis --- Biochemical Phenomena --- Psychiatry and Psychology --- Cell Physiological Phenomena --- Chemical Phenomena --- Phenomena and Processes --- Synaptic Transmission --- Physiology --- Brain --- Brain Mapping --- Human Anatomy & Physiology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Neuroscience --- Physiology. --- Cell physiology --- Neurophysiology
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