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This book explores the agency of Jinn, the so-called "demons of Islam". They are regarded as mostly invisible and highly mobile creatures. In a globalized world with manifold forms of forced and voluntary migrations, Jinn are likewise on the move, interfering in the human world and affecting the mental and physical health of Muslims. This continuous challenge has so far been mainly addressed by traditional Muslim health management and by the so-called spiritual medicine or medicine of the Prophet. This book shifts perspective. Its interdisciplinary chapters deal with the transformation of manifold cultural resources by first analyzing the doctrinal and cultural history of Jinn and the treatment of Jinn affliction in Arabic texts and other sources. It then discusses case studies of Muslims and current health management approaches in the Middle East, namely in Egypt and Syria. Finally, it turns to the role of Jinn in a number of migratory settings such as Spain, Denmark, Great Britain and Guantanamo.
Religious studies --- Politics --- Economic order --- Economic policy and planning (general) --- Economic conditions. Economic development --- Development aid. Development cooperation --- ontwikkelingsbeleid --- religie --- politiek --- ontwikkelingssamenwerking --- economische ontwikkelingen --- ontwikkelingspolitiek --- Middle East --- Muslims --- Jinn --- Spiritual care (Medical care) --- Medical care --- Health and hygiene. --- Religious aspects --- Islam
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This inter- and trans-disciplinary Handbook includes 35 original chapters which explore vibrant debates around the interrelationship between global Islam and consumer culture, and is essential reading for students and researchers in Islamic studies, Near and Middle Eastern studies, religious studies, and cultural studies.
Consumption (Economics) --- Capitalism --- Religious aspects --- Islam.
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A unique collection of studies, the present volume sheds new light on central themes of Ibn Taymiyya's (661/1263-728/1328) and Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya's (691/1292-751/1350) thought and the relevance of their ideas to diverse Muslim societies. Investigating their positions in Islamic theology, philosophy and law, the contributions discuss a wide range of subjects, e.g. law and order; the divine compulsion of human beings; the eternity of eschatological punishment; the treatment of Sufi terminology; and the proper Islamic attitude towards Christianity. Notably, a section of the book is dedicated to analyzing Ibn Taymiyya's struggle for and against reason as well as his image as a philosopher in contemporary Islamic thought. Several articles present the influential legacy of both thinkers in shaping an Islamic discourse facing the challenges of modernity. This volume will be especially useful for students and scholars of Islamic studies, philosophy, sociology, theology, and history of ideas.
Islam --- Ibn Qayyim, Al-Jawziyya --- Ibn Taymiyya, Ahmad --- Islamic law --- Hanbalites --- Hanbalites. --- Islamic law. --- Hanbaliten. --- Islamische Philosophie. --- Islam. --- Recht. --- Doctrines --- History. --- Doctrines. --- Ibn Taymīyah, Aḥmad ibn ʻAbd al-Ḥalīm, --- Ibn Qayyim al-Jawzīyah, Muḥammad ibn Abī Bakr, --- Ibn-Qaiyim al-Ǧauzīya, Muḥammad Ibn-Abī-Bakr, --- Ibn-Taimīya, Aḥmad Ibn-ʻAbd-al-Ḥalīm, --- Ibn Qayyim al-Jawzīyah, Muḥammad ibn Abī Bakr, --- Ibn Taymīyah, Aḥmad ibn ʻAbd al-Ḥalīm, --- Islamic Law. --- Islamic Philosophy. --- Islamic Reform. --- Islamic Religion.
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This volume showcases a variety of innovative approaches to the study of Muslim societies and cultures, inspired by and honouring Gudrun Krämer and her role in transforming the landscape of Islamic Studies. With contributions from scholars from around the world, the articles cover an extraordinarily wide geographical scope across a broad timeline, with transdisciplinary perspectives and a historically informed focus on contemporary phenomena. The wide-ranging subjects covered include among others a "men in headscarves" campaign in Iran, an Islamic call-in radio programme in Mombassa, a refugee-related court case in Berlin, the Arab revolutions and aftermath from various theoretical perspectives, Ottoman family photos, Qurʼān translation in South Asia, and words that can't be read.
Islamic civilization --- Islamic civilization. --- Civilization, Islamic --- Muslim civilization --- Civilization --- Civilization, Arab --- Muslims --- Islamic countries - History --- Islamic countries - Civilization --- Islamic countries - Social conditions --- Islamic countries - Study and teaching --- Islamic countries
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This book explores the agency of Jinn, the so-called "demons of Islam". They are regarded as mostly invisible and highly mobile creatures. In a globalized world with manifold forms of forced and voluntary migrations, Jinn are likewise on the move, interfering in the human world and affecting the mental and physical health of Muslims. This continuous challenge has so far been mainly addressed by traditional Muslim health management and by the so-called spiritual medicine or medicine of the Prophet. This book shifts perspective. Its interdisciplinary chapters deal with the transformation of manifold cultural resources by first analyzing the doctrinal and cultural history of Jinn and the treatment of Jinn affliction in Arabic texts and other sources. It then discusses case studies of Muslims and current health management approaches in the Middle East, namely in Egypt and Syria. Finally, it turns to the role of Jinn in a number of migratory settings such as Spain, Denmark, Great Britain and Guantanamo.
Religious studies --- Politics --- Economic order --- Economic policy and planning (general) --- Economic conditions. Economic development --- Development aid. Development cooperation --- ontwikkelingsbeleid --- religie --- politiek --- ontwikkelingssamenwerking --- economische ontwikkelingen --- ontwikkelingspolitiek --- Middle East --- Muslims --- Jinn --- Spiritual care (Medical care) --- Medical care --- Health and hygiene. --- Religious aspects --- Islam
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A unique collection of studies, the present volume sheds new light on central themes of Ibn Taymiyya's (661/1263-728/1328) and Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya's (691/1292-751/1350) thought and the relevance of their ideas to diverse Muslim societies. Investigating their positions in Islamic theology, philosophy and law, the contributions discuss a wide range of subjects, e.g. law and order; the divine compulsion of human beings; the eternity of eschatological punishment; the treatment of Sufi terminology; and the proper Islamic attitude towards Christianity. Notably, a section of the book is dedicated to analyzing Ibn Taymiyya's struggle for and against reason as well as his image as a philosopher in contemporary Islamic thought. Several articles present the influential legacy of both thinkers in shaping an Islamic discourse facing the challenges of modernity. This volume will be especially useful for students and scholars of Islamic studies, philosophy, sociology, theology, and history of ideas.
Hanbalites --- Islam --- Islamic law --- History. --- Doctrines --- Ibn Qayyim al-Jawzīyah, Muḥammad ibn Abī Bakr, --- Ibn Taymīyah, Aḥmad ibn ʻAbd al-Ḥalīm, --- Islamic Law. --- Islamic Philosophy. --- Islamic Reform. --- Islamic Religion.
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Urbanization --- Cities and towns --- Urbanisation --- Villes
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The present study explores the biblical sources used by Imāmī (Twelver Shīʿī) scholars in Safavid Persia during the seventeenth century and the cross- cultural effects of a medieval Arabic translation of the Gospels made by Middle Eastern Christians. Drawing upon ninety-nine mostly unexplored manuscripts in Arabic and Persian preserved in libraries in Iran, the Middle East, and Europe, as well as archival material in various European languages, I contend that the influence of Arabic Bible translations was not confined to Arabic-speaking lands, but also extended to Persianate societies where they radically transformed the encounter and interchange between religious representatives. The principal source of Shīʿī scholars, in particular Sayyid Aḥmad ʿAlavī (d. between 1054/1644 and 1060/1650), Ẓahīr al-Dīn Tafrishī (d. before 1114/1702), and Sayyid Mīr Muḥammad Bāqir Khātūnābādī (d. 1127/1715), for studying, translating, and refuting the Gospels is identified in this dissertation as the Arabic Vulgate, also known as the ‘Alexandrian Vulgate’ or the ‘Egyptian Vulgate’. A revision of this Arabic translation of the four Gospels, which is based upon earlier versions of the Gospels circulating in the Coptic and Syriac communities during the Middle Islamic period, was printed in the late sixteenth century by the Medici Oriental Press in Rome with the authorization of the Vatican’s Congregation of the Index of Prohibited Books. What I call the Roman Arabic Vulgate was the first printing of the Gospels in the Arabic language ever made. More than four centuries after its publication, the Vorlage for the Roman Arabic Vulgate has been ascribed by me after careful study to a manuscript of Coptic provenance from a monastery in Wādī al-Naṭrūn (ancient Scetis), dated to the mid-fourteenth century. This dissertation further examines the history of the Medici edition as reflecting an interplay between an increasing interest in Arabic versions of the sacred Scriptures of the Christians in the post-humanist era, the emergence of a European printing culture in Arabic, and a strong Catholic missionary movement. Friars of the religious orders disseminated printed copies of the Roman Arabic Vulgate throughout the Middle East as well as in the Indo-Persian world and relied on them as a pioneering instrument for the evangelization of Muslims and of non-Catholics living in Islamicate societies. In contrast to translations of biblical books into ‘Standard (New) Persian’ from pre-Safavid times, the Arabic Vulgate transcended the cultural-religious boundaries of the Middle Eastern Christian communities in the context of a universalistic Catholic mission. I argue that the availability and accessibility of the Gospels printed in the Arabic language gave rise to a large Imāmī reception of the Bible, as evidenced in some of the earliest known anti-Christian polemical works in Persian, as well as a Persian translation of the Gospels made from the Roman Arabic Vulgate that was commissioned by the shāh. As a result, Shīʿī scholars were able to draw upon a broader array of biblical verses than the repertoire commonly invoked by Muslim polemicists against Christianity. The influence of the Medici edition of the Arabic Vulgate on Shīʿī-Catholic disputations and intellectual exchanges in Iran appears unparalleled in the reception history of Arabic Bible translations. This study attempts to supply a desideratum in the history of the Muslim perception of the sacred Christian Scriptures in the age of Arabic Bible printing. It will therefore be of significant interest to scholars of various disciplines, in particular Islamic studies, Iranian studies, and the history of Christianity and missiology, as well as of singular pertinence to those working in the fields of Renaissance studies, Arabic manuscript studies, book history and the cultural history of the Middle East in a broader and more comprehensive sense. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht die biblischen Quellen, die imāmitische (zwölferschiitische) Gelehrte im safawidischen Persien des siebzehnten Jahrhunderts heranzogen, sowie die kulturübergreifenden Wirkungen einer mittelalterlichen arabischen Übersetzung der Evangelien, die von nahöstlichen Christen stammt. Sie stützt sich auf neunundneunzig meist unerschlossene arabische und persische Handschriften, die in Bibliotheken in Iran, dem Nahen Osten und Europa erhalten sind, wie auch auf Archivmaterial in verschiedenen europäischen Sprachen. Meine These lautet, dass der Einfluss arabischer Bibelübersetzungen nicht auf arabischsprachige Lande beschränkt war, sondern sich ebenso auf von der persischen Kultur geprägte Gesellschaften erstreckte, in denen diese Übersetzungen die Begegnung und den Austausch zwischen den Religionsvertretern wesentlich prägten. Die Hauptquelle schiitischer Gelehrter, insbesondere Sayyid Aḥmad ʿAlavīs (st. zwischen 1054/1644 und 1060/1650), Ẓahīr al-Dīn Tafrishīs (st. vor 1114/1702) und Sayyid Mīr Muḥammad Bāqir Khātūnābādīs (st. 1127/1715), für Studium, Übersetzung und Widerlegung der Evangelien wird in dieser Dissertation als die arabische Vulgata identifiziert, die auch als ‚alexandrinische Vulgata‘ oder ‚ägyptische Vulgata‘ bekannt ist. Eine Überarbeitung dieser arabischen Übersetzung der vier Evangelien, die auf früheren Textfassungen beruht, die in der mittleren islamischen Ära in koptischen und syrischen Gemeinden in Umlauf waren, wurde im ausgehenden sechzehnten Jahrhundert in Rom von der Typographia Medicea Orientale mit Erlaubnis der vatikanischen Indexkongregation gedruckt. Was hier als römische arabische Vulgata bezeichnet wird war der erste Druck der Evangelien in arabischer Sprache überhaupt. Mehr als vierhundert Jahre nach Drucklegung war es mir nach intensiven Recherchen möglich, die Vorlage der römischen arabischen Vulgata auf eine Handschrift koptischer Provenienz zurückzuführen, die Mitte des vierzehnten Jahrhunderts in einem Kloster im Wādī al-Naṭrūn (in der sketischen Wüste) angefertigt wurde. Die vorliegende Dissertation untersucht weiterhin die Geschichte der Medici-Ausgabe der römischen arabischen Vulgata als ein Zusammenspiel zwischen einem wachsenden Interesse an arabischen Textfassungen der Heiligen Schrift der Christen in der posthumanistischen Ära, dem Aufkommen einer arabischen Druckkultur in Europa und einer starken katholischen Missionsbewegung. Mitglieder religiöser Orden verbreiteten Druckexemplare der römischen arabischen Vulgata im Nahen Osten sowie im indo-persischen Raum und setzten sie als Pionierwerkzeug für die Evangelisierung von Muslimen und Nichtkatholiken in vom Islam geprägten Gesellschaften ein. Im Gegensatz zu Übersetzungen biblischer Bücher ins ‚Standard-(Neu)Persische‘ aus vorsafawidischer Zeit überschritt die arabische Vulgata im Kontext einer universalistischen katholischen Mission die kulturellen und religiösen Grenzen der nahöstlichen christlichen Gemeinden. Ich vertrete die Auffassung, dass die Verfügbarkeit und die Zugänglichkeit der auf Arabisch gedruckten Evangelien zu einer umfangreichen imāmitischen Rezeption der Bibel führten, wie anhand einiger der frühesten bekannten, auf Persisch verfassten antichristlichen Polemiken sowie einer persischen Übersetzung der Evangelien, die im Auftrag des Schāhs auf Grundlage der römischen arabischen Vulgata angefertigt wurde, deutlich wird. Infolgedessen konnten sich schiitische Gelehrte auf eine weitaus größere Zahl biblischer Verse berufen als das Repertoire, auf das sich Autoren muslimischer Polemiken gegen das Christentum für gewöhnlich stützen. Die vorliegende Studie unternimmt den Versuch, ein Desiderat in der Geschichte der muslimischen Perzeption der Heiligen Schrift der Christen im Zeitalter des arabischen Bibeldrucks zu schließen. Sie wird deshalb von großem Interesse sein für Vertreter/innen verschiedener Disziplinen, vor allem der Islamwissenschaft, der Iranistik und der Kirchen- und Missionsgeschichte, sowie von besonderer Relevanz sein für alle, die auf dem Gebiet der Renaissance-Studien, der arabischen Handschriftenkunde, der Buchgeschichte und der Kulturgeschichte des Nahen Ostens im Allgemeinen arbeiten.
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