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"Classical electromagnetism allows the rapidity of light field oscillations to be inferred from measurement of the speed and wavelength of light. Quantum mechanics connects the rapidity of electronic motion with the energy spacing of quantum states, accessible by light absorption and emission. These indirect measurements suggest that light as well as electrons vibrate within attoseconds, enabling us -- among others -- to see the world around us. Electronic motion is the primary step in any change of physical, chemical and biological properties of materials as well as in the functioning of living organisms. The current of electrons underlies all forms of modern signal processing. Observing and controlling these motions in real time may help us to explore the ultimate frontiers of electronics and gain insight into the behavior of materials, function and malfunction of living matter at the most fundamental level: the "glue" of atomic structures. This book is about how attosecond metrology emerged at the dawn of the new millennium to provide real-time access to the fastest motions outside the atomic nucleus and how this very technology is now opening prospects for real-world applications of far-reaching impact."

Laser pulses, Ultrashort --- Electrons

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Plasma physics --- Electromagnetism. Ferromagnetism --- Atomic physics --- plasmafysica --- lasers (technologie) --- elektromagnetisme

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This comprehensive description and discussion of photovoltaics (PV) is presented at a level that makes it accessible to the interested academic. Starting with an historical overview, the text outlines the relevance of photovoltaics today and in the future. Then follows an introduction to the physical background of solar cells and the most important materials and technologies, with particular emphasis placed on future developments and prospects. The book goes beyond technology by also describing the path from the cell to the module to the system, proceeding to important applications, such as grid-connected and stand-alone systems. The composition and development of the markets and the role of PV in future energy systems are also considered. Finally, the discussion turns to the future structure of energy supplies, expected to comprise more distributed generation, and addresses synergies and competition from other carbon-free energy sources.

Electronics and optics of solids --- fotovoltaïsche energie --- stroomverdeling --- fotonica --- toegepaste wetenschappen --- fotovoltaïsche zonne-installaties --- lasers (technologie) --- fysica --- transistoren --- halfgeleiders --- stroomvoorziening --- optica --- zonne-energie

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Electronics and optics of solids --- optica