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Book
Kant on self-knowledge and self-formation : the nature of inner experience
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ISBN: 9781108836647 9781108874304 9781108812757 1108874304 1108877613 110883664X 1108877745 Year: 2020 Publisher: Cambridge, United Kingdom : Cambridge University Press,

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Abstract

As the pre-eminent Enlightenment philosopher, Kant famously calls on all humans to make up their own minds, independently from the constraints imposed on them by others. Kant's focus, however, is on universal human reason, and he tells us little about what makes us individual persons. In this book, Katharina T. Kraus explores Kant's distinctive account of psychological personhood by unfolding how, according to Kant, we come to know ourselves as such persons. Drawing on Kant's Critical works and on his Lectures and Reflections, Kraus develops the first textually comprehensive and systematically coherent account of our capacity for what Kant calls 'inner experience'. The novel view of self-knowledge and self-formation in Kant that she offers addresses present-day issues in philosophy of mind and will be relevant for contemporary philosophical debates. It will be of interest to scholars of the history of philosophy, as well as of philosophy of mind and psychology.


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Kant on self-knowledge and self-formation
Author:
ISBN: 9781108874304 9781108836647 9781108812757 1108874304 1108877613 Year: 2020 Publisher: Cambridge Cambridge University Press

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The notion of an empirical person raises a puzzle for Kant’s transcendental philosophy. On the one hand, an empirical person is conceived of as exercising mental capacities, such as reasoning, willing, and feeling, and hence as capable of representing the world and of initiating actions. As such, it cannot be intuited in accordance with (at least) some conditions of empirical cognition; for instance, it cannot be intuited as a persistent mental substance. On the other hand, an empirical person is understood as being embedded in the spatiotemporal and causally structured empirical world. This raises the questions of what kind of “entity” an empirical person is and how we can know ourselves as such. Can an empirical person be cognized as an object of experience at all, or does it have an entirely different status? In this talk, I offer a novel reading of Kant’s account of psychological personhood – an account that is able to resolve this puzzle by appealing to Kant’s conception of reason and in particular to the rational idea of the soul. My argument comes in two parts. First, I show that we can have empirical cognition of ourselves as empirical persons, i.e., inner experience. Such experience should, however, not be understood as the cognition of a mere object, e.g., a spatio-physical object. Nonetheless, inner experience proceeds by analogy with the cognition of such objects. This analogy, I argue, rests on the regulative use of the idea of the soul. Secondly, I defend what I call the self-formation view of personhood. On this view, a person is understood as a mental whole that first forms herself in the course of realizing her mental capacities under the guidance of a unifying idea, the idea of the soul. Hence, I argue that this idea is also practically efficient in the self-formation of persons in that the idea normatively prescribes what it takes to be an integrated mental whole. I conclude by drawing some consequence regarding the co-dependence of empirical self-knowledge and self-formation.


Book
Kant's Transcendental Deduction and the Theory of Apperception

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Abstract

This series publishes outstanding monographs and edited volumes that investigate all aspects of Kant's philosophy, including its systematic relationship to other philosophical approaches, both past and present. Studies that appear in the series are distinguished by their innovative nature and ability to close lacunae in the research. In this way, the series is a venue for the latest findings in scholarship on Kant.

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