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At the end of the nineteenth century, some physicists believed that the basic principles underlying their subject were already known, and that physics in the future would only consist of filling in the details. They could hardly have been more wrong. The past century has seen the rise of quantum mechanics, relativity, cosmology, particle physics, and solid-state physics, among other fields. These subjects have fundamentally changed our understanding of space, time, and matter. They have also transformed daily life, inspiring a technological revolution that has included the development of radio, television, lasers, nuclear power, and computers. In 'Quantum Generations', Helge Kragh, one of the world's leading historians of physics, presents a sweeping account of these extraordinary achievements of the past one hundred years.The first comprehensive one-volume history of twentieth-century physics, the book takes us from the discovery of X rays in the mid-1890s to superstring theory in the 1990s. Unlike most previous histories of physics, written either from a scientific perspective or from a social and institutional perspective, 'Quantum Generations' combines both approaches. Kragh writes about pure science with the expertise of a trained physicist, while keeping the content accessible to nonspecialists and paying careful attention to practical uses of science, ranging from compact disks to bombs. As a historian, Kragh skillfully outlines the social and economic contexts that have shaped the field in the twentieth century. He writes, for example, about the impact of the two world wars, the fate of physics under Hitler, Mussolini, and Stalin, the role of military research, the emerging leadership of the United States, and the backlash against science that began in the 1960s. He also shows how the revolutionary discoveries of scientists ranging from Einstein, Planck, and Bohr to Stephen Hawking have been built on the great traditions of earlier centuries.Combining a m

History of physics --- Physics --- Physique --- History --- Histoire --- -Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- -Physics --- -History --- Physics - History - 20th century.

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This book introduces the methodological and philosophical problems with which modern history of science is concerned, offering a comprehensive and critical review through description and evaluation of significant historiographical viewpoints. Incorporating discussion of key problems in general historical writing, with examples drawn from a range of disciplines, this non-elementary introduction bridges the gap between general history and history of science. Following a review of the early development of the history of science, the theory of history as applied to science history is introduced, examining the basic problems which this generates, including problems of periodisation, ideological functions, and the conflict between diachronical and anachronical historiography. Finally, the book considers the critical use, and analysis, of historical sources, and the possibility of the experiemental reconstruction of history. Aimed primarily at students, the book's broad scope and integration of historical, philosophical and scientific matters will interest philosophers, sociologists and general historians, for whom there is no alternative introduction to the subject at this level.

-5 (09) --- Science --- 5 (09) --- 930.21 --- 5 <09> Geschiedenis van wiskunde en natuurwetenschappen --- Geschiedenis van wiskunde en natuurwetenschappen --- 930.21 Historiografie. Geschiedenis van de geschiedwetenschap --- Historiografie. Geschiedenis van de geschiedwetenschap --- Historiography --- 5 <09> --- Historiography. --- Sciences --- Historiographie --- Arts and Humanities --- History --- Histoire --- Méthodologie

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The story of superheavy elements - those at the very end of the periodic table - is not well known outside the community of heavy-ion physicists and nuclear chemists. But it is a most interesting story which deserves to be known also to historians, philosophers, and sociologists of science and indeed to the general public. This is what the present work aims at. It tells the story or rather parts of the story, of how physicists and chemists created elements heavier than uranium or searched for them in nature. And it does so with an emphasis on the frequent discovery and naming disputes concerning the synthesis of very heavy elements. Moreover, it calls attention to the criteria which scientists have adopted for what it means to have discovered a new element. In this branch of modern science it may be more appropriate to speak of creation instead of discovery. The work will be of interest to scientists as well as to scholars studying modern science from a meta-perspective.

Transuranium elements. --- Superheavy elements. --- Physics. --- History. --- Nuclear chemistry. --- Chemistry --- Philosophy and science. --- Nuclear physics. --- Heavy ions. --- Hadrons. --- History and Philosophical Foundations of Physics. --- History of Chemistry. --- Nuclear Physics, Heavy Ions, Hadrons. --- Nuclear Chemistry. --- History of Science. --- Philosophy of Science. --- SHEs (Superheavy elements) --- Super-heavy elements --- Super-transactinides --- Transactinide elements --- Transactinides --- Heavy elements --- Radioactive substances --- Transplutonium elements --- Transuranic elements --- Actinide elements --- Uranium --- Chemistry-History. --- Science --- Philosophy. --- Normal science --- Philosophy of science --- Annals --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Chemistry, Nuclear --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Atomic nuclei --- Atoms, Nuclei of --- Nucleus of the atom --- Physics --- Chemistry—History. --- Science and philosophy --- Ions --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics

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Cosmology is an unusual science with an unusual history. This bookexamines the formative years of modern cosmology from the perspectiveof its interaction with religious thought. As the first study of itskind, it reveals how closely associated the development of cosmologyhas been with considerations of a philosophical and religiousnature.

Cosmology --- Astronomy --- Deism --- Metaphysics --- History. --- Religious aspects --- History --- Cosmology - History --- Cosmology - Religious aspects - History --- Acqui 2006