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Musculoskeletal disorders are defined as disorders that affect a part of the body's musculoskeletal system, which includes bones, nerves, tendons, ligaments, joints, cartilage, blood vessels, and spinal disks. These are the injuries that result from repeated motions, vibrations, and forces placed on human bodies while performing various job actions. They are extremely common and costly problems for people and companies. Thus, this book is designed to include a wide array of extensive and comprehensive discussions provided on occupational, educational, and medical aspects of ergonomics. Thus, it can be utilized as a guide to identify and analyze the risk factors, reveal the impact of prevention and intervention, and discuss treatment of musculoskeletal disorders.

Human anatomy. --- Anatomy, Human --- Anatomy --- Human biology --- Medical sciences --- Human body --- Medicine --- Immunology --- Allergology and Rheumatology --- Health Sciences --- Kinesiology --- Musculoskeletal system --- Diseases. --- Diseases --- Treatment.

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Despite technological advancements, the human operator is still the most important part of any production system. To increase productivity, quality, and effectiveness within production systems, ergonomics, the study of people's efficiency in their working environment, is crucial. Ergonomics involves three pillars: physical, organizational, and cognitive. In today's technologically competitive production environment, physical ergonomics is evolving into the automation of repetitive manual tasks, and manual handling involving logistics and transportation is being improved by new digital technologies. Organizational ergonomics is moving towards studying the requirements of hybrid production systems where humans and machines are becoming more integrated. Virtual models can facilitate timely interactions and enhance perception, cyber-physical systems are developing new ways for people to interact with machines, the use of augmented reality tools will lessen mental stress, and data exchange between departments is expected to enhance cognitive ergonomics. This book discusses recent advances in each of the three pillars of ergonomics.

Human engineering. --- Ergonomics --- Human factors in engineering design --- Bioengineering --- Environmental engineering --- Industrial engineering --- Human comfort --- Human-robot interaction

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A shelter is one of the physiological needs according to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, which lies at the bottom of the pyramid. People spend around 90% of their time in shelters, or in today's words: buildings. They sleep, eat, work, relax, exercise, play, are born, and die in these buildings. In fact, they ""live"" within walls. Therefore, an indoor environment is crucial for their health and safety. This book, therefore, addresses the issues related to the impact of a sustainable healthy and comfortable indoor environment on the quality of life, and perceives the required indoor conditions for productivity and effectiveness. Thereby, this book is designed to include issues and extensive discussions on thermal comfort, indoor air quality, visual comfort, acoustic comfort, productivity, and indoor health and safety. The concepts of heating, ventilation, air conditioning, external temperature, air pollution, sick building, indoor pollutants, illumination, glare, indoor lighting, daylight, noise, construction materials, sound intensity, and furniture on the indoor environment are described in detail in this book.

Indoor air pollution --- Health aspects. --- Life Sciences --- Environmental Health --- Air Pollution --- Environmental Sciences

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This book gathers extended versions of the best papers presented at the Global Joint Conference on Industrial Engineering and Its Application Areas (GJCIE), held on September 2–3, 2019, in Gazimagusa, North Cyprus, Turkey. It covers a wide range of topics, including decision analysis, supply chain management, systems modelling and quality control. Further, special emphasis is placed on the state of the art and the challenges of digital disruption, as well as effective strategies that can be used to change organizational structures and eliminate the barriers that are keeping industries from taking full advantage of today’s digital technologies. .

Industrial economics --- Operational research. Game theory --- Mathematical statistics --- Hygiene. Public health. Protection --- Applied physical engineering --- Planning (firm) --- Computer architecture. Operating systems --- Computer. Automation --- embedded systems --- IoT (Internet of Things) --- besluitvorming --- gezondheidszorg --- informatica --- mathematische modellen --- econometrie --- operationeel onderzoek --- ingenieurswetenschappen