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This 3rd volume Light Scattering Reviews is devoted to modern knowledge and milestones in both experimental and theoretical techniques related to light scattering and radiative transport problems. It will consist of 3 parts comprising 11 contributions written by world leading experts in their respective fields. The general focus of the book will be on remote sensing of geophysical media. The first part will be devoted exclusively to studies of single light scattering by particles of different shapes and chemical compositions. The first chapter will review in situ measurements of cloud optical characteristics like cloud extinction and phase function, with the emphasis on ice clouds. Chapter 2 will cover opitcally soft particles common in marine environments and bio-suspensions while Chapter 3 will describe numerical techniques applicable not only to isotropic but also to chiral and anisotropic mdia. The final chapter in this part will deal with spatial symmetries in light scattering problems. This 3rd volume gives a valuable picture of recent developments in the areas of single light scattering, radiative transfer in particulate media and inverse problems of spherical atmospheres. It will further facilitate studies in light scattering media optics and be of importance for researchers across various scientific fields including astronomy, meteorology and geophysics. .

Light absorption. --- Light --- Particles --- Radiative transfer. --- Reflection (Optics) --- Scattering. --- Optical properties. --- Optics --- Rainbows --- Transfer, Radiative --- Astrophysics --- Geophysics --- Heat --- Radiation --- Transport theory --- Light scattering --- Scattering of light --- Diffusion --- Refraction --- Scattering (Physics) --- Absorption of light --- Optical absorption --- Absorption --- Opacity (Optics) --- Radiation and absorption --- Geographical information systems. --- Physical geography. --- Ecology. --- Environmental sciences. --- Geographical Information Systems/Cartography. --- Geophysics/Geodesy. --- Environmental Physics. --- Geoecology/Natural Processes. --- Math. Appl. in Environmental Science. --- Environmental science --- Science --- Balance of nature --- Biology --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Environmental sciences --- Population biology --- Geography --- Geographical information systems --- GIS (Information systems) --- Information storage and retrieval systems --- Ecology --- Geophysics. --- Geoecology. --- Environmental geology. --- Geoecology --- Environmental protection --- Physical geology --- Geological physics --- Terrestrial physics --- Earth sciences --- Physics

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The 5th volume of LIGHT SCATTERING REVIEWS is devoted to modern knowledge and milestones in both experimental and theoretical techniques related to radiative transfer and optics of such highly reflective objects as snow and ice. Twelve leading world experts in their respective fields provide important contributions to this fascinating subject. The first chapter has three parts: In the first, the main optical properties of large particles such ice crystals in snow and clouds are presented. The second part gives recent results in the understanding of light polarization and brightness near opposition, which is important for the observation of atmosphereless solar-system objects. The chapter ends with a summary of previous studies based on both approximate and rigorous methods of numerical light scattering simulations for fractal aggregates, such as soot particles. The second chapter of the book describes recent results in the broad area of radiative transfer. In the first three parts, several radiative transfer codes are presented and explained in detail: DISORT, the general-purpose discrete-ordinate algorithm for radiative transfer; SHARM, fast and accurate radiative transfer with atmospheric gaseous absorption and spatially variable anisotropic surfaces; and SCIATRAN, a new tool to study the polarized radiative transfer in the terrestrial atmosphere – underlying surface system. Part 4 studies optical properties of paper in the framework of radiative transfer theory, while the fifth part reviews the theoretical foundations of the inverse problems of radiative transfer. Part 6 concentrates on the linearization of atmospheric radiative transfer in spherical geometry, which is important for satellite remote sensing applications, such as limb mode observations of the atmosphere from space. The chapter ends with the radiative transfer modeling of the Ring effect, which is observed where the solar spectrum shows the so-called Fraunhofer lines of low intensity, caused by rotational Raman scattering by nitrogen and oxygen molecules in the Earth's atmosphere. Fundamental theoretical results from studies of the Ring effect are reported in this volume. Chapter 3 describes in two parts the optical properties of snow and ice, which are particularly relevant to studies of climate change. Part 1 considers the complex scattering optics of natural snow cover, while Part 2 describes novel theoretical and observational techniques for estimating light scattering in Arctic sea ice. Summing up, this book will be a valuable addition to the library of any scientist dealing with light scattering and radiative transfer problems.

Light -- Scattering. --- Light absorption. --- Particles -- Optical properties. --- Radiative transfer. --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Environmental Sciences --- Light --- Scattering. --- Transfer, Radiative --- Light scattering --- Scattering of light --- Environment. --- Geophysics. --- Atmospheric sciences. --- Remote sensing. --- Astronomy. --- Astrophysics. --- Cosmology. --- Environmental sciences. --- Environmental Physics. --- Remote Sensing/Photogrammetry. --- Atmospheric Sciences. --- Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology. --- Geophysics/Geodesy. --- Environmental science --- Science --- Astronomy --- Deism --- Metaphysics --- Astronomical physics --- Cosmic physics --- Physics --- Physical sciences --- Space sciences --- Remote-sensing imagery --- Remote sensing systems --- Remote terrain sensing --- Sensing, Remote --- Terrain sensing, Remote --- Aerial photogrammetry --- Aerospace telemetry --- Detectors --- Space optics --- Aerophysics --- Atmospheric sciences --- Physical meteorology --- Geophysics --- Geological physics --- Terrestrial physics --- Earth sciences --- Astrophysics --- Heat --- Radiation --- Transport theory --- Diffusion --- Particles --- Reflection (Optics) --- Refraction --- Scattering (Physics) --- Radiation and absorption --- Physical geography. --- Geography --- Atmosphere

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This is the fourth volume in the series Light Scattering Reviews, devoted to current knowledge of light scattering problems and both experimental and theoretical research techniques related to their solution. This volume covers experimental studies in the optics of light scattering media, focusing on single light scattering and radiative transfer. Light Scattering Reviews 4 summarizes recent developments in the fields of light scattering media optics and radiative transfer; provides an up-to-date review of modern single and multiple light-scattering theory; focuses on radiative transfer and optics of highly reflective objects, such as snow and ice; uniquely covers numerical techniques in single and multiple light scattering; considers both theoretical and experimental results; presents the physical grounds of the opposition effects.

Light -- Scattering. --- Light absorption. --- Particles -- Optical properties. --- Radiative transfer. --- Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Light & Optics --- Light --- Particles --- Reflection (Optics) --- Scattering. --- Optical properties. --- Transfer, Radiative --- Light scattering --- Scattering of light --- Absorption of light --- Optical absorption --- Absorption --- Geography. --- Geophysics. --- Atmospheric sciences. --- Geographical information systems. --- Remote sensing. --- Physical measurements. --- Measurement. --- Geographical Information Systems/Cartography. --- Geophysics/Geodesy. --- Atmospheric Sciences. --- Remote Sensing/Photogrammetry. --- Measurement Science and Instrumentation. --- Optics --- Rainbows --- Astrophysics --- Geophysics --- Heat --- Radiation --- Transport theory --- Diffusion --- Refraction --- Scattering (Physics) --- Opacity (Optics) --- Radiation and absorption --- Physical geography. --- Geography --- Geographical information systems --- GIS (Information systems) --- Information storage and retrieval systems --- Measurement   . --- Measuring --- Mensuration --- Mathematics --- Technology --- Metrology --- Physical measurements --- Measurements, Physical --- Mathematical physics --- Measurement --- Remote-sensing imagery --- Remote sensing systems --- Remote terrain sensing --- Sensing, Remote --- Terrain sensing, Remote --- Aerial photogrammetry --- Aerospace telemetry --- Detectors --- Space optics --- Atmospheric sciences --- Earth sciences --- Atmosphere --- Geological physics --- Terrestrial physics

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Light Scattering Reviews (vol.7) is aimed at the description of modern advances in radiative transfer and light scattering. The following topics will be considered: the spherical harmonics method, light scattering by densely packed systems of particles, Markovian approach for radiative transfer in cloudy atmospheres, coherent and incoherent backscattering by turbid media and surfaces, advances in radiative transfer methods as used for luminiscence tomography, optical properties of oceanic water, spectral reflectance of forest stand and snow. This volume will be a valuable addition to already published volumes 1-6 of Light Scattering Reviews.

Light --- Physical optics. --- Scattering. --- Geography. --- Energy. --- Physical geography. --- Remote sensing. --- Physics. --- Optics. --- Optoelectronics. --- Plasmons (Physics). --- Remote Sensing/Photogrammetry. --- Optics, Optoelectronics, Plasmonics and Optical Devices. --- Environmental Monitoring/Analysis. --- Earth System Sciences. --- Physics, general. --- Energy, general. --- Optics, Physical --- Optics --- Light scattering --- Scattering of light --- Diffusion --- Particles --- Reflection (Optics) --- Refraction --- Scattering (Physics) --- Optics, Lasers, Photonics, Optical Devices. --- Monitoring/Environmental Analysis. --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- Lasers. --- Photonics. --- Environmental monitoring. --- Geography --- Biomonitoring (Ecology) --- Ecological monitoring --- Environmental quality --- Monitoring, Environmental --- Applied ecology --- Environmental engineering --- Pollution --- New optics --- Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation --- Masers, Optical --- Optical masers --- Light amplifiers --- Light sources --- Optoelectronic devices --- Nonlinear optics --- Optical parametric oscillators --- Remote-sensing imagery --- Remote sensing systems --- Remote terrain sensing --- Sensing, Remote --- Terrain sensing, Remote --- Aerial photogrammetry --- Aerospace telemetry --- Detectors --- Space optics --- Measurement --- Monitoring

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Clouds affect the climate of the Earth, and they are an important factor in the weather. Therefore, their radiative properties must be understood in great detail. This book summarizes current knowledge on cloud optical properties, for example their ability to absorb, transmit, and reflect light, which depends on the clouds’ geometrical and microphysical characteristics such as sizes of droplets and crystals, their shapes, and structures. In addition, problems related to the image transfer through clouds and cloud remote sensing are addressed in this book in great detail. This book can be an important source of information on theoretical cloud optics for cloud physicists, meteorologists and optical engineers. All basic ideas of optics as related to scattering of light in clouds (e.g. Mie theory and radiative transfer) are considered in a self consistent way. Consequently, the book can also be a useful textbook to newcomers to the field.

Clouds --- Radiative transfer --- Thermodynamics --- Physics. --- Atmospheric sciences. --- System theory. --- Geophysics. --- Geophysics and Environmental Physics. --- Atmospheric Sciences. --- Optics, Lasers, Photonics, Optical Devices. --- Complex Systems. --- Statistical Physics and Dynamical Systems. --- Geological physics --- Terrestrial physics --- Earth sciences --- Physics --- Systems, Theory of --- Systems science --- Science --- Aerophysics --- Meteorology, Physical --- Physical meteorology --- Atmospheric science --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- Philosophy --- Atmospheric sciences --- Atmosphere --- Clouds - Thermodynamics --- Atmospheric science.