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Inter-, pluri-, multi-, trans-disciplinarités : ces termes correspondent-ils à des effets de mode ou sous-tendent-ils une réelle innovation ? Tout au long du XXe siècle, la spécialisation des savants s'est renforcée, au nom de l'efficacité. Or, certaines questions scientifiques s'inscrivent dans un contexte complexe, nécessitant des compétences provenant de différentes disciplines. L'approche interdisciplinaire, c'est l'art d'articuler entre eux les outils d'analyses, les approches et les modes d'interprétations de différents domaines afin de développer des regards nouveaux et des questionnements originaux. Cet ouvrage a l'ambition d'exposer certaines de ces approches telles qu'elles se pratiquent au CNRS. Il offre un large spectre d'exemples traitant de questions diverses ; Comment la robotique pourrait-elle aider dans la gestion de nos ressources en eau ? Comment certains minéraux naturels pourraient-ils servir au traitement des déchets radioactifs ? En quoi la recherche en imagerie médicale peut-elle être utile aux archéologues ? Comment l'étude de l'ADN peut-elle donner naissance à des nanorobots ? L'étude des sédiments peut-elle renseigner sur les techniques des premiers hominidés migrateurs ? Les ultrasons peuvent-ils soigner le cancer ? Quels sont les mécanismes de l'incroyable résistance des tardigrades ? Les reptiles peuvent-ils contribuer à comprendre la mécanique du sommeil ? Les violences urbaines peuvent-elles être modélisées et prédites ? Toutes ces questions mobilisent des théories et des outils méthodologiques issus de différentes disciplines. Les solutions apportées par une approche interdisciplinaire peuvent conduire à des innovations industrielles majeures ou contribuer à la révision de nos connaissances sur certains phénomènes.
Interdisciplinary approach to knowledge. --- Interdisciplinarité dans les sciences. --- Interdisciplinarité dans les sciences humaines. --- Centre national de la recherche scientifique, France --- Interdisciplinarité dans les sciences -- France --- Sciences -- France --- Interdisciplinarité dans les sciences. --- Interdisciplinarité dans les sciences humaines.
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This book is a collection of articles on Physics with Trapped Charged Particles by speakers at the Les Houches Winter School. The articles cover all types of physics with charged particles, and are aimed at introducing the basic issues at hand, as well as the latest developments in the field. It is appropriate for PhD students and early career researchers, or interested parties new to the area.
Particles (Nuclear physics) --- Elementary particles (Physics) --- High energy physics --- Nuclear particles --- Nucleons --- Nuclear physics --- Trapped ions.
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Ion trapping was first accomplished in Europe more than 50 years ago. Since then, research and development have increased steadily, and the last decades have seen a remarkable growth in applications, mainly due to the improvement of laser-based techniques for spectroscopy, cooling and the manipulation of ions. Nowadays ion trapping plays a crucial role in a wide range of disciplines, including atomic and plasma physics, chemistry, high precision measurement, high energy physics and the emerging field of quantum technologies.This book presents lectures and reports from the Enrico Fermi School '
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Physicists know how to produce gases at a few billionths of a degree above absolute zero. The cooling methods apply not only to atoms but also to ions and molecules. This field of research has three times been awarded the Nobel Prize. The field experienced remarkable growth when experimentalists learned how to vary at will the interactions between particles, trapping them with optical tweezers or in optical gratings with adjustable geometry. Artificial crystals made of atoms or molecules can be built to simulate the structure of matter and elucidate some of its magnetic properties, hopefully contributing to the understanding of high-temperature superconductivity. The phenomenon of quantum entanglement is the basis for new devices for the storage and transmission of quantum information. Spectacular progress is constantly being made in metrology. For example, ultra-cold atom or ion clocks measure time to better than one second over the lifetime of the Universe. New types of industrial gravimeters and gyroscopes are improving the sensitivity of seismology and navigation in space. In addition, the extreme precision of the measurements allows tests of the fundamental laws of physics, such as quantum electrodynamics, Lorentz invariance or possible variations of the fundamental constants. The field of ultra-cold particles has now reached the stage where it provides insights in the fields of condensed matter, chemistry and even cosmology.
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