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How should the international community react when a government transgresses humanitarian norms and violates the human rights of its own nationals? And where does the responsibility lie to protect people from such acts of violation? In a profound new study, Fabian Klose unites a team of leading scholars to investigate some of the most complex and controversial debates regarding the legitimacy of protecting humanitarian norms and universal human rights by non-violent and violent means. Charting the development of humanitarian intervention from its origins in the nineteenth century through to the present day, the book surveys the philosophical and legal rationales of enforcing humanitarian norms by military means, and how attitudes to military intervention on humanitarian grounds have changed over the course of three centuries. Drawing from a wide range of disciplines, the authors lend a fresh perspective to contemporary dilemmas using case studies from Europe, the United States, Africa and Asia.

Humanitarian intervention. --- Intervention (International law) --- Droit d'ingérence humanitaire --- Histoire --- Histoire. --- Humanitarian intervention --- Droit d'ingérence humanitaire

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"Die Frage, ob, wann und wie die internationale Gemeinschaft auf Verletzungen humanitärer Normen und damit verbundene humanitäre Krisen reagieren soll, gehört zweifellos zu den vieldiskutierten Themen auf der Agenda der heutigen internationalen Politik. Allerdings tauchte diese Problematik nicht erst am Ende des 20. und zu Beginn des 21. Jahrhunderts plötzlich aus dem Nichts auf, sondern bereits im Verlauf des »langen 19. Jahrhunderts« setzte man sich kontrovers mit dieser Problematik auseinander. Anhand ausgewählter Fallbeispiele wie dem Kampf gegen den Sklavenhandel (1807-1890), den Militärinterventionen der europäischen Großmächte zur humanitären Nothilfe für christliche Minderheiten im Osmanischen Reich (1827-1878) oder dem Eingreifen der Vereinigten Staaten in den kubanischen Unabhängigkeitskrieg (1898) untersucht Fabian Klose die militärische Praktik und die völkerrechtlichen Debatten zum Schutz humanitärer Normen gewaltsam einzugreifen."

European history --- Humanitarian intervention --- History --- Globalgeschichte --- Menschenrechte --- Transnationale Geschichte --- 18. Jahrhundert --- 19. Jahrhundert --- Politikwissenschaft

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"Focusing on case studies such as the international fight against the slave trade (1807-1890), the military interventions of the major European powers on humanitarian emergency aid for Christian minorities in the Ottoman Empire (1827-1878) and the intervention of the United States in the Cuban War of Independence (1898), the book investigates the emergence of the military practice and related legal debates on the protection of humanitarian norms by violent means. The central result of the book is that the idea of humanitarian intervention established itself as a recognized instrument in international politics during this period. In this respect, the international fight against the slave trade became the primal type of this new practice and played a key role in the emergence of a new understanding of humanitarian interventionism. As a result, guidelines under international law were developed, which served as justification for military intervention in various crisis regions of the world. Thus, the "long 19th century" can be indeed described as the genuine "century of humanitarian intervention", in which military interventionism under the banner of humanity was significantly intertwined with colonial and imperial projects"--

Humanitarian intervention --- Antislavery movements --- Religious minorities --- Humanitarian assistance, American --- History --- Turkey --- Cuba

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Human Rights in the Shadow of Colonial Violence explores the relationship between the human rights movement emerging after 1945 and the increasing violence of decolonization. Based on material previously inaccessible in the archives of the International Committee of the Red Cross and the United Nations Human Rights Commission, this comparative study uses the Mau Mau War (1952-1956) and the Algerian War (1954-1962) to examine the policies of two major imperial powers, Britain and France. Historian Fabian Klose considers the significance of declared states of emergency, counterinsurgency strategy, and the significance of humanitarian international law in both conflicts. Klose's findings from these previously confidential archives reveal the escalating violence and oppressive tactics used by the British and French military during these anticolonial conflicts in North and East Africa, where Western powers that promoted human rights in other areas of the world were opposed to the growing global acceptance of freedom, equality, self-determination, and other postwar ideals. Practices such as collective punishment, torture, and extrajudicial killings did lasting damage to international human rights efforts until the end of decolonization. Clearly argued and meticulously researched, Human Rights in the Shadow of Colonial Violence demonstrates the mutually impacting histories of international human rights and decolonization, expanding our understanding of political violence in human rights discourse.

Human rights --- Basic rights --- Civil rights (International law) --- Rights, Human --- Rights of man --- Human security --- Transitional justice --- Truth commissions --- Law and legislation --- Kenya --- Algeria --- Great Britain --- France --- History --- Colonies --- African Studies. --- African-American Studies. --- European History. --- History. --- Human Rights. --- Law. --- Political Science. --- World History.

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Die Studie untersucht vor dem Hintergrund der Menschenrechtsfrage die Gewaltpolitik der Kolonialmächte Großbritannien und Frankreich während des Mau-Mau-Kriegs in Kenia (1952 bis 1959) und des Algerienkrieges (1954 bis 1962). Die Radikalisierung kolonialer Gewalt wird dabei insbesondere anhand des kolonialen Ausnahmezustandes und der "antisubversiven Militärstrategie" vergleichend dargestellt. Die Verteidigung der kolonialen Herrschaft stand der universellen Ausbreitung der Menschenrechte diametral entgegen und das internationale Menschenrechtsregime wurde durch den Widerstand der Kolonialmächte bis zum Abschluss der Dekolonisation gelähmt. Methodisch betritt Fabian Klose Neuland, indem er zwei bisher weitgehend getrennte Forschungsfelder, nämlich den internationalen Menschenrechtsdiskurs und den Prozess der Dekolonisation, zum ersten Mal miteinander verbindet und die wechselseitigen Auswirkungen beider Entwicklungen aufeinander untersucht. Das Werk steht methodisch somit an der Schnittstelle einer modernen politischen Ideengeschichte und einer vergleichenden ereignisgeschichtlichen Studie der Dekolonisierungskriege und kolonialer Notstandsregime. Der Autor stützt sich auf bisher nicht zugängliches, neu erschlossenes Archivmaterial aus einer Reihe internationaler Archive wie das des Internationalen Komitees vom Roten Kreuz und der Menschenrechtskommission der Vereinten Nationen.

Algeria -- History -- Revolution, 1954-1962. --- Human rights -- Algeria. --- Human rights -- Kenya. --- Kenya -- History -- Mau Mau emergency, 1952-1960. --- Human rights --- Law, Politics & Government --- Human Rights --- Kenya --- Algeria --- Great Britain --- France --- History --- Colonies --- Basic rights --- Civil rights (International law) --- Rights, Human --- Rights of man --- Law and legislation --- Human security --- Transitional justice --- Truth commissions