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Among the key processes which have been taking place in Russia in recent decades, special attention should be paid to social mobilisation, i.e. the developing habits of taking up grassroots activities, the emergence of horizontal social networks, the large number of formal and informal civic initiatives (both political and non-political). This mobilisation should not be analysed separately from the evolution of the model of the state as a whole, which - especially since 2012 - has seen an increase in repression and a decline in economic efficiency. The main question posed by this study concerns the conditions that make social mobilisation and the citizens' dissatisfaction with the condition of the state only result in short-term and local outbreaks of protest and not into a change in the entire model of governance. In this context, the text considers both the current and personnel-related factors, and the long-term cultural, social and political factors.
Political culture. --- Social change. --- Social participation.
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Russia’s long-term goal is to prevent the reunification of the Korean peninsula under the aegis of the United States and to weaken the US ’s position in the region. Its short-term goal is to avert the danger of an outbreak of armed conflict on the peninsula and the possible collapse of North Korea. Russia’s support for the reunification of the two Korean states is purely declaratory; in practice the Kremlin is striving to maintain the political status quo on the peninsula. At the same time, Russia wants to maximise its influence by developing economic relations and maintaining political contacts with both Koreas. Moscow does not view the denuclearisation of North Korea as one of its priorities. Its approach to Pyongyang’s nuclear programme is instrumental; in Moscow’s eyes, although the program poses certain risks for Russia, it also opens a number of opportunities. The course of the crisis so far has demonstrated that Russia does not have sufficient tools to influence the course of events. As a consequence, it has had to accept a role as China’s ‘junior partner’ in the Korean issue.
Korea (North) --- Russia (Federation) --- China --- Foreign relations --- Governance --- International relations/trade --- Political behavior --- Comparative politics --- Geopolitics --- Peace and Conflict Studies
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