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In cryptography, ciphers is the technical term for encryption and decryption algorithms. They are an important sub-family that features high speed and easy implementation and are an essential part of wireless internet and mobile phones.   Unlike block ciphers, stream ciphers work on single bits or single words and need to maintain an internal state to change the cipher at each step. Typically stream ciphers can reach higher speeds than block ciphers but they can be more vulnerable to attack. Here, mathematics comes into play. Number theory, algebra and statistics are the key to a better understanding of stream ciphers and essential for an informed decision on their safety.   Since the theory is less developed, stream ciphers are often skipped in books on cryptography. This book fills this gap. It covers the mathematics of stream ciphers and its history, and also discusses many modern examples and their robustness against attacks.   Part I covers linear feedback shift registers, non-linear combinations of LFSRs, algebraic attacks and irregular clocked shift registers. Part II studies some special ciphers including the security of mobile phones, RC4 and related ciphers, the eStream project and the blum-blum-shub generator and related ciphers.   Stream Ciphers requires basic knowledge of algebra and linear algebra, combinatorics and probability theory and programming. Appendices in Part III help the reader with the more complicated subjects and provides the mathematical background needed. It covers, for example, complexity, number theory, finite fields, statistics, combinatorics. Stream Ciphers concludes with exercises and solutions and is directed towards advanced undergraduate and graduate students in mathematics and computer science.

Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Computer Science --- Mathematics. --- Computer science --- Algorithms. --- Discrete Mathematics in Computer Science. --- Computational complexity. --- Complexity, Computational --- Electronic data processing --- Machine theory --- Algorism --- Algebra --- Arithmetic --- Foundations --- Computer science—Mathematics.

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Seit der Erfindung der Schrift hat es auch immer das Bedürfnis gegeben, Geschriebenes vor unbefugten Lesern zu verbergen. Die Lehre von den Geheimschriften ist daher fast ebenso alt wie die Schrift selbst. Als Wissenschaft im modernen Sinn ist die Kryptographie jedoch noch sehr jung. Bei dem 1994 von Naor und Shamir erfundenen Verfahren der visuellen Kryptographie wird ein Bild so auf zwei Folien verteilt, dass auf jeder einzelnen Folie nur ein zufälliges Punktmuster zu sehen ist, aber beide Folien übereinandergelegt das geheime Bild ergeben. Das Buch gibt einen Einblick in dieses aktuelle Forschungsgebiet, wobei bewußt auf die sogenannte höhere Mathematik verzichtet wurde. Es eignet sich daher ideal als Grundlage für Proseminare und Mathematik-AGs der Sekundarstufe. Aufgaben mit Musterlösungen helfen, das Gelesene zu vertiefen.

Number theory. --- Data structures (Computer science). --- Mathematics. --- Number Theory. --- Data Structures and Information Theory. --- Mathematics, general.

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Long description: Über die Hälfte der geplanten Unternehmenskäufe und -verkäufe scheitern. Damit der Brückenschlag zwischen Verkäufer und Käufer gelingt, bedarf es der richtigen Strategie und die Unternehmensbewertung muss auf nachvollziehbaren Annahmen fußen. Der gesamte Ablauf erweist sich als Herausforderung für Management und Controlling, nicht zuletzt auch, weil es häufig am spezifischen Know-how und an der Erfahrung mangelt. Unsere Experten haben in diesem Buch die wichtigsten Prozesse, Werkzeuge und Soft Factors" zusammengefasst, damit die Übernahme oder Fusion gelingt und die Post Merger Integration den gewünschten Erfolg erbringt.Inhalte:Integrierte M&A-Prozesse erfolgreich steuernUnternehmensbewertung: von der Nobelpreis-Formel zur DaumenregelDue Diligence verstehen und als Erfolgsfaktor im M&A-Prozess nutzenKennzahlen zur Bewertung digitaler Geschäftsmodelle9 Erfolgsfaktoren für die Post Merger IntegrationM&A im internationalen KontextArbeitshilfen online:Unternehmensbewertung: Verfahren im VergleichUnternehmensbewertung: Ertragswert- und MultiplikatorverfahrenM&A-Transaktion: Term SheetUnternehmensverkauf: Garantie des Net Working Capital  Biographical note: Andreas Klein Professor Dr. Andreas Klein lehrt seit 2003 Betriebswirtschaftslehre mit Schwerpunkt Controlling & International Accounting an der SRH Hochschule Heidelberg und verfügt über mehrjährige Erfahrung in einer internationalen Beratungsgesellschaft. Er ist Mitherausgeber der Schriftenreihe Der Controlling-Berater und als Unternehmensberater und Referent in der Industrie- und Dienstleistungsbranche tätig.

Consolidation and merger of corporations --- Small business

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Even though Johannes Schefferus' Lapponia (1673) is a frequently employed source in historical studies on the Sámi people of Fennoscandia, the book's history and the rich reception it aroused early on has never been studied in detail. Written in Uppsala, it was published in Latin for an international learned readership. One of the main intentions behind the work was to counter rumours about the presence of Sámi sorcerers in the Swedish military. In spite of this aspect of the commission, the result was a surprisingly factual account. Schefferus' realistic description of the lappmarks, the regions where the Sámi lived, featured sections on topography, natural resources, plants, and animals. The book described the characteristics, customs, objects and commerce of the Sámi people in detail. This way, it should restore Sweden's reputation and demonstrate that the lappmarks were subject to the Kingdom. Schefferus had never been to the lappmarks. Yet this did not hinder the book's success; already during his works on Lapponia, news about the project spread. Adaptations in English, German, French and Dutch followed quickly. This study centres on the coming into existence and development of Lapponia as a book and a piece of literature of knowledge. Based on the original Latin version, I analyse the structures of knowledge and the communicative network surrounding this early modern description of the Sámi people. With the help of archival sources and mainly unpublished letters, I reconstruct the history of Lapponia and its various adaptations.My comparative analysis shows that the versions originating from Lapponia are widely different when it comes to content, structure, layout and literary traditions. Furthermore, I highlight the importance of several spheres of knowledge for the development of Schefferus' monograph and its adaptations. Since he had not visited the area himself, Schefferus had to rely on eyewitness accounts from the northern parts of the Kingdom. Among the authors of these accounts, most of whom were clergymen, there were a few Sámi people. I discuss the role of the letter-writing community known as the Republic of Letters for Lapponia and vice versa. The study traces the further reception in the late 17th and early 18th centuries and exemplifies how early modern knowledge about the Sámi was disseminated all over Europe.

Lapons. --- Sami (European people) --- Scheffer, Johannes Gerhard --- Scheffer, Johannes, --- Laponie. --- Histoire