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Basándose en la experiencia del FMI en el manejo de crisis financieras en todo el mundo en la última década, este estudio procura extraer enseñanzas que sean pertinentes para las dificultades que enfrentan los países de América Latina, especialmente tras la crisis reciente en Argentina. La experiencia indica que no existe una solución rápida o fácil ante una crisis de gran alcance, caracterizada por graves dificultades de financiamiento externo y rápidos cambios de precios de los activos que dañan la estabilidad financiera y los balances de los hogares y las empresas. En definitiva, la eficacia de las soluciones depende de trazar una estrategia integral que combine una gama completa de instrumentos fiscales, monetarios y financieros así como de instrumentos de deuda. La experiencia de las crisis recientes ha tenido importantes repercusiones para la labor del FMI en materia de evaluación de la vulnerabilidad a las crisis. Se ha fortalecido el trabajo de supervisión del FMI y se ha formulado un marco más objetivo para evaluar la sostenibilidad de la deuda; tareas que siguen perfeccionándose.
Banks and Banking --- Financial Risk Management --- Foreign Exchange --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Fiscal Policy --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- Financial Crises --- Banking --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Economic & financial crises & disasters --- Public finance & taxation --- Fiscal policy --- Financial crises --- Exchange rates --- Fiscal stance --- Banks and banking --- Debts, External --- Argentina
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This paper seeks to draw lessons from the IMF’s experience in handling financial crises around the globe over the past ten years that are relevant to the challenges faced by countries in Latin America, especially in the wake of the recent crisis in Argentina. Experience suggests that there is no quick or easy fix in the face of a wide-ranging crisis involving both acute external financing pressures and rapidly changing asset prices that undermine financial stability and household and corporate balance sheets. In the end, effective solutions depend on developing a comprehensive strategy combining the full range of fiscal, monetary, financial system, and debt policy instruments. Recent experience with crises has had important implications for the IMF’s work in assessing crisis vulnerabilities. IMF surveillance work has been strengthened and a more objective framework has been developed for assessing debt sustainability, and this approach continues to be refined.
Money. Monetary policy --- Latin America --- Financial crises --- International Monetary Fund --- -Financial crises --- -339.7 <8> --- crise financiere --- amerique latine --- 65 management --- 336 financiën --- LAM / Latin America - Latijns Amerika - Amérique Latine --- 333.481 --- 330.05 --- 332.042 --- Crashes, Financial --- Crises, Financial --- Financial crashes --- Financial panics --- Panics (Finance) --- Stock exchange crashes --- Stock market panics --- Crises --- Business cycles --- Internationale financien. Buitenlands betalingsverkeer --(z.o {336})--Zuid-Amerika --- financiele crisis --- latijns amerika --- Monetaire crisissen, hervormingen, saneringen en stabilisering. --- Mezhdunarodnyĭ vali︠u︡tnyĭ fond --- Международный валютный фонд --- Miz︠h︡narodnyĭ vali︠u︡tnyĭ fond --- Fundo Monetário Internacional --- Fondo Monetario Internacional --- IMF (International Monetary Fund) --- FMI (International Monetary Fund) --- Internationaler Währungsfonds --- Kokusai Tsūka Kikin --- Fonds monétaire international --- Kukche Tʻonghwa Kigŭm --- Kansainvälinen Valuuttarahasto --- Kuo chi huo pi chi chin --- Fondul Monetar International --- Ṣundūq al-Naqd al-Dawlī --- Fondo M. Internacional --- IWF (International Monetary Fund) --- Kō̜ngthun Kānngœ̄n rawāng Prathēt --- MVF (International Monetary Fund) --- Międzynarodowy Fundusz Walutowy --- Mulya Aramudala --- I.M.F. (International Monetary Fund) --- Quỹ tiè̂n tệ quó̂c té̂ --- Nemzetközi Valuta Alap --- صندوق النقد الدولي --- 国际货币基金组织 --- 国際通貨基金 --- 國際貨幣基金組織 --- Fundu Monetariu Internacional --- Ṣundūq al-Naqd al-Duwalī --- DNT (Organization) --- Working papers --- 339.7 <8> Internationale financien. Buitenlands betalingsverkeer --(z.o {336})--Zuid-Amerika --- Internationaal monetair fonds --- International monetary fund --- 339.7 <8> --- Monetaire crisissen, hervormingen, saneringen en stabilisering --- IMF --- Financial crises - Argentina --- Financial crises - Latin America --- Banks and Banking --- Financial Risk Management --- Foreign Exchange --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Fiscal Policy --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- Financial Crises --- Banking --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Economic & financial crises & disasters --- Public finance & taxation --- Finance --- Fiscal policy --- Exchange rates --- Fiscal stance --- Public debt --- Banks and banking --- Debts, External --- Debts, Public --- Argentina
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monetair beleid --- financieel beheer --- financiën --- 339.743 --- Balance of payments --- Foreign exchange rates --- taux de change --- epargne --- investissements --- pays industrialises --- 330.05 --- 332.45 --- Exchange rates --- Fixed exchange rates --- Flexible exchange rates --- Floating exchange rates --- Fluctuating exchange rates --- Foreign exchange --- Rates of exchange --- Current account balance (International trade) --- International payments, Balance of --- Terms of trade --- Balance of trade --- International liquidity --- 339.743 Wisselkoersen. Wisselkoerspariteiten. Dubbele wisselkoers. Devaluatie. Revaluatie. Zwevende wisselkoers. Muntslang --- Wisselkoersen. Wisselkoerspariteiten. Dubbele wisselkoers. Devaluatie. Revaluatie. Zwevende wisselkoers. Muntslang --- wisselkoers --- sparen --- investeringen --- geindustrialiseerde landen --- Rates --- International Monetary Fund. --- Internationaal monetair fonds --- International monetary fund --- International finance --- IMF (=International Monetary Fund). --- Betalingsbalans. --- Wisselkoersen.
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International finance --- Loans, Foreign --- Debt relief --- Debts, External --- LDC / Developping Countries - Pays En Développement --- 336.311.2 --- 339.115 --- 339.727.2 --- dettes internationales --- gestion de la dette --- fmi --- 336.3435 --- 330.05 --- Foreign loans --- International loans --- Loans, International --- Loans --- Conditionality (International relations) --- Foreign loan insurance --- Debts, Foreign --- Debts, International --- External debts --- Foreign debts --- International debts --- Debt --- Investments, Foreign --- Debt renegotiation --- Debt rescheduling --- Debt restructuring --- Relief, Debt --- Renegotiation, Debt --- Rescheduling, Debt --- Restructuring, Debt --- Debtor and creditor --- Buitenlandse leningen van de overheid. --- Buitenlandse schuld. Debt Equity Swap in LDC. --- Internationale kapitaalbeweging. Buitenlandse leningen. Buitenlandse kredieten. Internationale kapitaalbeweging. Buitenlandse investeringen. Kapitaalinvoer. Kapitaaluitvoer. Kapitaalvlucht --- internationale schulden --- schuldbeheer --- imf --- Law and legislation --- Working papers --- Debt relief. --- Debts, External. --- Loans, Foreign. --- 339.727.2 Internationale kapitaalbeweging. Buitenlandse leningen. Buitenlandse kredieten. Internationale kapitaalbeweging. Buitenlandse investeringen. Kapitaalinvoer. Kapitaaluitvoer. Kapitaalvlucht --- Buitenlandse leningen van de overheid --- Buitenlandse schuld. Debt Equity Swap in LDC
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This paper, following two earlier studies, reviews the arrangements for restructuring commercial bank and official debt up to early 1985.
Loans, Foreign. --- Debts, External. --- Debt relief. --- Debt relief --- Debt renegotiation --- Debt rescheduling --- Debt restructuring --- Relief, Debt --- Renegotiation, Debt --- Rescheduling, Debt --- Restructuring, Debt --- Debtor and creditor --- Debts, Foreign --- Debts, International --- External debts --- Foreign debts --- International debts --- Debt --- International finance --- Investments, Foreign --- Foreign loans --- International loans --- Loans, International --- Loans --- Conditionality (International relations) --- Foreign loan insurance --- Law and legislation --- Banks and Banking --- Exports and Imports --- Financial Risk Management --- Macroeconomics --- Money and Monetary Policy --- International Lending and Debt Problems --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General --- Financing Policy --- Financial Risk and Risk Management --- Capital and Ownership Structure --- Value of Firms --- Goodwill --- Banking --- International economics --- Finance --- Monetary economics --- Bank credit --- Debt service --- Asset and liability management --- Money --- External debt --- Private debt --- National accounts --- Debts, External --- Banks and banking --- Credit --- Banks and banking, Foreign --- Ecuador
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This paper provides a description and analysis of recent developments in international capital markets and an assessment of the prospects for private financing flows.
International finance. --- Banks and banking, International. --- Capital movements. --- Capital flight --- Capital flows --- Capital inflow --- Capital outflow --- Flight of capital --- Flow of capital --- Movements of capital --- Balance of payments --- Foreign exchange --- International finance --- International banking --- Offshore banking (Finance) --- Transnational banking --- Financial institutions, International --- International monetary system --- International money --- Finance --- International economic relations --- Banks and Banking --- Finance: General --- Investments: Bonds --- Macroeconomics --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Industries: Financial Services --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General --- International Lending and Debt Problems --- Macroeconomics: Consumption --- Saving --- Wealth --- Financial Institutions and Services: Government Policy and Regulation --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- Banking --- Monetary economics --- Investment & securities --- Financial services law & regulation --- Bank credit --- Domestic savings --- Bonds --- Money --- Foreign banks --- Financial institutions --- National accounts --- Capital adequacy requirements --- Financial regulation and supervision --- International capital markets --- Financial markets --- Banks and banking --- Credit --- Saving and investment --- Banks and banking, Foreign --- Capital market --- Asset requirements --- United States
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This chapter reports on Coordinating Group on Exchange Rate Issues’ (CGER) works and provides perspectives on alternative frameworks for assessing exchange rates and the rationale for CGER's general approach. The primary motivation for the work of the CGER is to identify cases where exchange rates appear to be substantially out of line with medium-run macroeconomic fundamentals. It is recognized that such situations can have different interpretations, depending on the cyclical positions of economies and other circumstances. The assessments of exchange rates among industrial country currencies rely primarily on an application of a macroeconomic balance framework. This framework focuses on the extent to which the current account positions associated with prevailing exchange rates are consistent with medium-run fundamentals. Substantial discrepancies between exchange rates and their medium-run equilibrium levels, when they emerge, raise two different, however, related issues for the IMF to address in its exercise of bilateral and multilateral Surveillance.
Foreign exchange rates --- Balance of payments --- Exports and Imports --- Finance: General --- Foreign Exchange --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Current Account Adjustment --- Short-term Capital Movements --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Monetary Systems --- Standards --- Regimes --- Government and the Monetary System --- Payment Systems --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- International economics --- Finance --- Monetary economics --- Exchange rates --- Current account --- Real exchange rates --- Exchange rate adjustments --- Emerging and frontier financial markets --- Financial markets --- Financial services industry --- Money --- United States
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