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BACKGROUND: The impact of peripheral artery disease (PAD) on patients' health status and the processes of PAD care have not been prospectively documented in patients with new or worsening claudication. OBJECTIVES: The PORTRAIT (Patient-centered Outcomes Related to TReatment Practices in Peripheral Artery Disease: Investigating Trajectories) study prospectively defined health status outcomes and then related aspects of patient care to these outcomes in patients with new-onset or worsening claudication. In phase I, we developed and tested the study's design. We are now reporting on phase II, in which we expanded the study to 10 US PAD specialty clinics. The following are our research questions: (Aim 1) Do PAD treatments differ by patient characteristics? (Aim 2) Is earlier, rather than later, revascularization associated with more rapid improvements in patients' health status? (Aim 3) Does treatment of PAD vary by physician and health system? (Aim 4) Are variations in care associated with differences in patients' outcomes? (Aim 5) We created educational materials to inform future PAD treatments. METHODS: PORTRAIT enrolled 797 patients with new or worsening claudication symptoms from 10 US PAD specialty clinics. Before treatment, we interviewed patients and abstracted clinical services information from their medical records. We collected health status information at 3, 6, and 12 months follow-up. RESULTS: PAD specialist referred about 1 in 5 patients for an invasive treatment but only less than 2% patients for supervised exercise therapy. Adherence to individual PAD performance measures was relatively high for antiplatelet therapy (84%) and statin use (90%). When we defined perfect care as meeting 4 quality measures of PAD care (statin therapy, antiplatelet therapy, smoking cessation, supervised exercise therapy), only 4.6% of patients received perfect care (aim 1). The magnitude of change in patients' PAD-specific health status scores was greater at 3, 6, and 12 months follow-up in patients who underwent invasive treatment vs those who did not receive invasive treatment (aim 2). Adherence to individual PAD performance measures varied considerably across enrolling PAD clinics (aim 3). Patients who had been receiving evidence-based care (a statin and antiplatelet therapy) had better health status scores at baseline and at all time points except for 12 months (Peripheral Artery Questionnaire summary scores), as compared with those who were not receiving these measures. Associations between perfect care (4 quality measures) and health status outcomes were less clear (aim 4). Women and minority-race patients had consistently lower baseline and follow-up health status scores (aim 5). We created the framework for patient educational materials in collaboration with patient advisors. CONCLUSIONS: While prescription rates for the medical management of the cardiovascular risk in PAD were relatively high, supervised exercise therapy--a performance measure--was seldom prescribed. Women and minority-race patients were at risk of experiencing a lower health status level. Receiving better quality of care following PAD evaluation at baseline was associated with better health status levels at 3-month and 6-month follow-up. Educational materials will be used to share insights learned from PORTRAIT. LIMITATIONS: Findings can be generalized only to the specialist care setting; in an observational study, the potential for residual confounding and selection bias mandates cautious interpretation; further cross-validation of risk estimates derived from health status prediction models in PORTRAIT is needed.

Patient-centered health care.

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This volume contains the proceedings of the third International Workshop on Computer Aided Verification, CAV '91, held in Aalborg, Denmark, July 1-4, 1991. The objective of this series of workshops is to bring together researchers and practitioners interested in the development and use of methods, tools and theories for automatic verification of (finite) state systems. The workshop provides a unique opportunity for comparing the numerous verification methods and associated verification tools, and the extent to which they may be utilized in application design. The emphasis is not only on new research results but also on the application of existing results to real verification problems. The papers in the volume areorganized into sections on equivalence checking, model checking, applications, tools for process algebras, the state explosion problem, symbolic model checking, verification and transformation techniques, higher order logic, partial order approaches, hardware verification, timed specification and verification, and automata.

Computer software --- Electronic digital computers --- Logiciels --- Ordinateurs --- Verification --- Congresses --- Evaluation --- Vérification --- Congrès --- -Electronic digital computers --- -681.3*C22 --- 681.3*C3 --- 681.3*F3 --- 681.3*F4 --- Automatic digital computers --- Computers, Electronic digital --- Digital computers, Electronic --- Computers --- Hybrid computers --- Sequential machine theory --- Software, Computer --- Computer systems --- -Congresses --- Network protocols: protocol architecture; protocol verification --- Special-purpose and application-based systems: microprocessor/microcomputer; process control-, real-time, signal processing systems (Computer systems organization)--See also {681.3*J7} --- Logics and meanings of programs (Theory of computation) --- Mathematical logic and formal languages (Theory of computation) --- 681.3*F4 Mathematical logic and formal languages (Theory of computation) --- 681.3*F3 Logics and meanings of programs (Theory of computation) --- 681.3*C3 Special-purpose and application-based systems: microprocessor/microcomputer; process control-, real-time, signal processing systems (Computer systems organization)--See also {681.3*J7} --- 681.3*C22 Network protocols: protocol architecture; protocol verification --- Vérification --- Congrès --- Computer software - Verification - Congresses. --- Electronic digital computers - Evaluation - Congresses. --- Information theory. --- Software engineering. --- Computer network architectures. --- Logic design. --- Computer science. --- Theory of Computation. --- Software Engineering/Programming and Operating Systems. --- Computer System Implementation. --- Logics and Meanings of Programs. --- Mathematical Logic and Formal Languages. --- Special Purpose and Application-Based Systems. --- Informatics --- Science --- Design, Logic --- Design of logic systems --- Digital electronics --- Electronic circuit design --- Logic circuits --- Machine theory --- Switching theory --- Architectures, Computer network --- Network architectures, Computer --- Computer architecture --- Computer software engineering --- Engineering --- Communication theory --- Communication --- Cybernetics --- Congresses. --- -Verification

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This Festschrift volume is published in honor of Bernhard Steffen, Professor at the Technical University of Dortmund, on the occasion of his 60th birthday. His vision as well as his theoretical and practical work span the development and implementation of novel, specific algorithms, and the establishment of cross-community relationships with the effect to obtain simpler, yet more powerful solutions. He initiated many new lines of research through seminal papers that pioneered various fields, starting with the Concurrency Workbench, a model checking toolbox that significantly influenced the research and development of mode based high assurance systems worldwide. The contributions in this volume reflect the breadth and impact of his work. The introductory paper by the volume editors, the 23 full papers and two personal statements relate to Bernhard’s research and life. This volume, the talks and the entire B-Day at ISoLA 2018 are a tribute to the first 30 years of Bernhard’s passion, impact and vision for many facets of computer science in general and for formal methods in particular. Impact and vision include the many roles that formal methods-supported software development should play in education, in industry and in society. 
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Computer science. --- Software engineering. --- Logic design. --- Computer software. --- Models and Principles. --- Software Engineering. --- Programming Languages, Compilers, Interpreters. --- Logics and Meanings of Programs. --- Mathematical Logic and Formal Languages. --- Algorithm Analysis and Problem Complexity. --- Software, Computer --- Computer systems --- Design, Logic --- Design of logic systems --- Digital electronics --- Electronic circuit design --- Logic circuits --- Machine theory --- Switching theory --- Computer software engineering --- Engineering --- Informatics --- Science --- Computer science --- Philosophy. --- Computers. --- Programming languages (Electronic computers). --- Computer logic. --- Mathematical logic. --- Algorithms. --- Algorism --- Algebra --- Arithmetic --- Algebra of logic --- Logic, Universal --- Mathematical logic --- Symbolic and mathematical logic --- Symbolic logic --- Mathematics --- Algebra, Abstract --- Metamathematics --- Set theory --- Syllogism --- Computer science logic --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical --- Computer languages --- Computer program languages --- Computer programming languages --- Machine language --- Electronic data processing --- Languages, Artificial --- Automatic computers --- Automatic data processors --- Computer hardware --- Computing machines (Computers) --- Electronic brains --- Electronic calculating-machines --- Electronic computers --- Hardware, Computer --- Cybernetics --- Calculators --- Cyberspace --- Foundations --- Compilers (Computer programs). --- Machine theory. --- Models of Computation. --- Compilers and Interpreters. --- Computer Science Logic and Foundations of Programming. --- Formal Languages and Automata Theory. --- Abstract automata --- Abstract machines --- Automata --- Mathematical machine theory --- Algorithms --- Recursive functions --- Robotics --- Compiling programs (Computer programs) --- Computer programs --- Programming software --- Systems software

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