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Drawing from the presidential review commission review, and from other available materials, this background note for the South Africa systematic country diagnostic synthesizes the key issues and recommendations for improving state-owned enterprise (SOE) performance, focusing on the largest national level commercial SOEs in infrastructure and other key sectors. Based on available materials, the note provides an overview of key governance constraints affecting SOE performance and suggests areas for improvement.
Accountability --- Civic Participation and Corporate Governance --- Corporate Governance --- Governance --- National Governance --- Private Sector Development --- Public Sector Development --- Public Sector Reform --- State-Owned Enterprises --- Transparency
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Privatization --- Downsizing of organizations --- Unemployment --- Government business enterprises --- Government business enterprises --- Privatization --- Downsizing of organizations --- Unemployment --- Case studies. --- Case studies. --- Case studies. --- Employees --- Case studies. --- Employees --- Case studies --- Case studies --- Case studies --- Case studies
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Public economics --- Economic policy and planning (general) --- Central Asia --- Eastern and Central Europe --- Privatization. --- Privatization --- 330.342 <4-11> --- 35.078 <4-11> --- -Privatization --- -338.24 (4-11) --- AA / International- internationaal --- 330.548 --- Denationalization --- Privatisation --- Contracting out --- Corporatization --- Government ownership --- Economische ontwikkeling. Groeistadia--Oost-Europa --- Vormen van overheidsbemoeing. Opheffing van overheidstussenkomst. Privatisering--Oost-Europa --- Instrumenten van de economische politiek. Economische orde. Economisch politieke maatregelen. Stabilisering. Stimuleringsmaatregelen. Regulering. Financiele steunmaatregelen--Oost-Europa --- Nationalisatie. Privatiseringen. --- Management --- Business & Economics --- Industrial Management --- 338.24 (4-11) Instrumenten van de economische politiek. Economische orde. Economisch politieke maatregelen. Stabilisering. Stimuleringsmaatregelen. Regulering. Financiele steunmaatregelen--Oost-Europa --- 35.078 <4-11> Vormen van overheidsbemoeing. Opheffing van overheidstussenkomst. Privatisering--Oost-Europa --- 330.342 <4-11> Economische ontwikkeling. Groeistadia--Oost-Europa --- 338.24 (4-11) --- Nationalisatie. Privatiseringen --- Privatization - Europe, Eastern. --- Privatization - Asia, Central.
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Most people agree that a good investment climate is essential for growth and poverty reduction. Less clear is how to achieve it. Many reforms are complex, involving more than technical design and content. They are both political, facing opposition from organized and powerful groups-and institutionally demanding, cutting across different departments and levels of government. Reform thus requires paying as much attention to understanding the politics and institutional dimensions as to policy substance, which is the goal of this paper. Drawing from more than 25 case studies, it shows that there is no single recipe or "manual" for reform, given diverse contexts and serendipity in any reform effort. But three broad lessons emerge. The first is to recognize and seize opportunities for reform. Crisis and new governments are important catalysts, but so is the competition generated by trade integration and new benchmarking information. The second is to invest early in the politics of reform. Central to this process is using education and persuasion strategies to gain wider acceptance and neutralize opponents. Pilot programs can be valuable for demonstrating the benefits and feasibility of change. And the third is to pay greater attention to implementation and monitoring. This does not require full scale public management reforms. Reformers can draw on private sector change management techniques to revitalize public institutions responsible for implementation. Given the cross-cutting nature of reform, new oversight mechanisms may be needed to monitor and sustain reform. The paper concludes with an emerging checklist for reformers and identifies areas for future work.
Investments. --- Investments --- Economic policy --- Social policy --- Finance --- Business & Economics --- Investment & Speculation --- Securities. --- Blue sky laws --- Capitalization (Finance) --- Investment securities --- Portfolio --- Scrip --- Securities --- Securities law --- Underwriting --- Investing --- Investment management --- Law and legislation --- Investment banking --- Disinvestment --- Loans --- Saving and investment --- Speculation
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"This paper takes stock of recent privatization trends, examines the extent to which government ownership is still prevalent in developing countries, and summarizes emerging issues for state enterprise reform going forward. Between 1990 and 2003, 120 developing countries carried out nearly 8,000 privatization transactions and raised USD 410 billion in privatization revenues. Privatization activity peaked in 1997 and dropped off in the late 1990s and, while still at overall low levels, is slowly creeping back. While there are a large number of studies assessing the impact of privatization on enterprise performance and overall welfare, there are no systematic data on the extent to which privatization has changed the role of state enterprises in the economy. Anecdotal evidence suggests that the state's role has been substantially reduced in Eastern and Central Europe and in certain countries in Latin America. But available evidence also suggests that, despite a long track record of privatization, government ownership in state enterprises is still widely prevalent in some regions and countries, and in certain sectors in virtually all regions. The paper shows that the costs of not reforming state enterprises are high and that continued efforts need to be made to improve their performance by improving privatization policies and institutions; adopting more of a case-by-case approach for complex sectors and countries; and exposing state enterprises to market discipline through new private entry and exit of unviable firms and improvements in their corporate governance. "--World Bank web site.
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"This paper takes stock of recent privatization trends, examines the extent to which government ownership is still prevalent in developing countries, and summarizes emerging issues for state enterprise reform going forward. Between 1990 and 2003, 120 developing countries carried out nearly 8,000 privatization transactions and raised USD 410 billion in privatization revenues. Privatization activity peaked in 1997 and dropped off in the late 1990s and, while still at overall low levels, is slowly creeping back. While there are a large number of studies assessing the impact of privatization on enterprise performance and overall welfare, there are no systematic data on the extent to which privatization has changed the role of state enterprises in the economy. Anecdotal evidence suggests that the state's role has been substantially reduced in Eastern and Central Europe and in certain countries in Latin America. But available evidence also suggests that, despite a long track record of privatization, government ownership in state enterprises is still widely prevalent in some regions and countries, and in certain sectors in virtually all regions. The paper shows that the costs of not reforming state enterprises are high and that continued efforts need to be made to improve their performance by improving privatization policies and institutions; adopting more of a case-by-case approach for complex sectors and countries; and exposing state enterprises to market discipline through new private entry and exit of unviable firms and improvements in their corporate governance. "--World Bank web site.
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