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The failure of two expected transitions of leadership from Dr Mahathir Mohamad to Anwar Ibrahim (in 1998 and 2020) are traceable beyond their personal entanglements to the social divides and political currents of their time. The unrealized transitions are symptomatic of UMNO's dynamic of 'dysfunctional succession'. Under Mahathir, the party split. Under Najib, it was defeated. The condition persists as the current prime minister, Muhyiddin Yassin, has not even appointed a deputy prime minister after being in power for fifteen months. The unrealized transitions were a setback for a 'reform agenda', which Anwar Ibrahim articulated, but which emerged from dissident movements for diverse reforms. These movements helped the multiethnic, socially inclusive, opposition to win the 14th General Election. They are only seemingly dormant because of the pandemic. The Pakatan Harapan regime had the best chance to supply a fresh vision, deeper social understanding, and commitment to reform. The present Perikatan Nasional regime's fixation on 'Malayness' overlooks twenty years of intense intra-Malay conflicts that began with the failure of the first transition. As the '7th Prime Minister', Mahathir had a rare chance to redeem himself from major errors of his first twenty-two-year tenure. He squandered his chance by not honouring the Pakatan Harapan transition plan. Anwar Ibrahim's opponents mock him for being obsessed with wanting to be prime minister. Yet they obsessively fear his becoming prime minister. Anwar may be twice loser in political succession but 'the spectre of Anwar' still haunts Malaysian political consciousness.

Malaysia --- Politics and government. --- Social conditions.

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Malaysia's 40-year strategy of 'poverty eradication' has met with a great deal of success, yet has caused controversy for its links to ethnically-oriented social restructuring. This book is a critical evaluation of changing policy regimes affecting Malaysia's development, record of industrialization, and efficacy in adapting social policies.

Development economics. --- Economic policy. --- International economics. --- Asia—Economic conditions. --- Macroeconomics. --- Political economy. --- Development Economics. --- Economic Policy. --- International Economics. --- Asian Economics. --- Macroeconomics/Monetary Economics//Financial Economics. --- International Political Economy. --- Poverty --- Malaysia --- Economic conditions.

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Anwar Ibrahim, Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia, 1993-98, and Opposition Leader, 2008-15 and since March 2020, is associated with two lasting, seemingly contradictory images. Those were of the young Anwar as a radical Islamist for whom economics seemed not to matter, and as a pro-market reformer during the 1997 East Asian financial crisis for whom Islam no longer mattered.Yet there was economics in the young Anwar's Islam and, conversely, Islam in the mature man's economics. Between them lay certain 'moral ambivalences' that occupied Anwar during the pre-crisis period when economic growth, prosperity and ambitions were dogged by rent-seeking, corruption and institutional degradation. Anwar had expressed various thoughts on 'Islam and economics', notably when he was President of Angkatan Belia Islam Malaysia (ABIM, or Malaysian Islamic Youth Movement), Minister of Finance (1991-98), and leader of the post-Reformasi opposition. His thoughts formed the core of a 'humane economy' that he envisioned and advocated upon his return to active politics from 2006 onwards. The vision of a 'humane economy' holds personal, ideological and political significance at a specific political juncture in Malaysian history.

POLITICAL SCIENCE / Essays. --- Vice prime ministers --- Islam and politics --- Economics --- Religious aspects --- Islam. --- Anwar Ibrahim, --- Philosophy. --- Malaysia --- Politics and government --- Islam and economics --- Executive power --- Ibrahim, Anwar, --- Ibrahim, Datuk Seri Anwar, --- Datuk Seri Anwar Ibrahim, --- Anwar, --- Ibrahim, Dato' Seri Anwar, --- Dato' Seri Anwar Ibrahim, --- Politics and government. --- Islam --- Mental philosophy --- Humanities --- Economic aspects. --- Malaysia.

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This book examines how Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam can provide instructive case studies of how Southeast Asia has negotiated pathways of development beyond crises and traps. At two ends of just one decade, 1997–2007, these five countries all  weathered the shocks of an East Asian financial crisis and a global financial crisis. Some economies might have buckled completely under those shocks and been condemned to long-term stagnation. Yet these economies emerged with continued if slower economic growth.    An important theme of this book is that their resilience has been partly derived from the pursuit of growth and competitiveness along lesser known pathways. The chapters of this book take a novel approach to South East Asia’s search for growth and improvement. They provide original insights into actual cases of intermediate ways of achieving growth, upgrading and income improvement in non-privileged sectors. Such cases hold more relevant lessons for the majority of developing countries than the experiences of highly developed economies.

Economic growth --- Economic conditions. Economic development --- Developing countries: economic development problems --- Economics --- internationale economische organisaties --- internationale economische politiek --- ontwikkelingssamenwerking --- economische groei --- Asia