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Book
Improving basic services for the bottom forty percent : lessons from Ethiopia
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ISBN: 1464803315 1322149224 1464803331 Year: 2014 Publisher: Washington, District of Columbia : World Bank Group,

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Abstract

Ethiopia's model for delivering basic services appears to be succeeding and to confirm that services improve when service providers are more accountable to citizens. As discussed in the World Development Report 2004, accountability for delivering basic services can take an indirect, long route, in which citizens influence service providers through government, or a more direct, short route between service providers and citizens. When the long, indirect route of accountability is ineffective, service delivery can suffer, especially among poor or marginalized citizens who find it challenging to e

Keywords

Macroeconomics --- Mathematical models. --- Ethiopia. --- Abesinija --- Abesiniye --- Abessinien --- Abisinia --- Abissinia --- Abissinii͡ --- Abisynja --- Abyssinia --- Aethiopia --- Alta Ætiopia --- Äthiopien --- Avēssynia --- Demokratische Bundesrepublik Äthiopien --- Echiopia --- Ėfiopii͡ --- Empire of Ethiopia --- Éthiopie --- Etiopia --- Etiopie --- Eṭiopiye --- Etiyopiyah --- Etiyopyah --- Etʻovpia --- Etyopiyah --- Etyopyah --- Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia --- Federazione etiopica --- Gouvernement impérial d'Éthiopie --- Ḥabash --- Hạbashah --- ʼIḤeDeRi --- Imperial Ethiopian Government --- Ityop --- Ityop'iya Federalawi Demokrasiyawi Ripeblik --- Ityopp'ya --- ʼItyoṗy --- Motumā céhumsa ʼItyopy --- People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia --- Provisional Military Government of Ethiopia --- Provisional Military Government of Socialist Ethiopia --- Repubblica democratica federale d'Etiopia --- República Democrática Federal de Etiopía --- République fédérale démocratique d'Éthiopie --- Transitional Government of Ethiopia --- YaH̲ebratasabʼāwit ʼItyoṗyā gizéyāwi watādarāwi mangeśt --- YaʼItyoṗyā ḥezbāwi dimokrāsiyāwi ripublik --- YaʼItyopyā mangeśt --- YaʼItyoṗyā ne. na. mangeśt --- YaʼItyoṗyā neguśa nagaśt mangeśt --- YaʼItyop̣ya yašegeger mangeśt --- Ye-Ityopp'ya Federalawi Dimokrasiyawi Ripeblik --- YeĪtyopʼiya Fēdēralawī Dēmokrasīyawī Rīpeblīk --- Abissinii͡a --- Ėfiopii͡a --- IFeDeRi --- ʼItyoṗyā --- Motumā céhumsa ʼItyopyā --- YaʼI.Fé.De.Ri.


Book
Blending Top-Down Federalism with Bottom-Up Engagement to Reduce Inequality in Ethiopia
Authors: --- ---
Year: 2015 Publisher: Washington, D.C. : The World Bank,

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Abstract

Donors increasingly fund interventions to counteract inequality in developing countries, where they fear it can foment instability and undermine nation-building efforts. To succeed, aid relies on the principle of upward accountability to donors. But federalism shifts the accountability of subnational officials downward to regional and local voters. What happens when aid agencies fund anti-inequality programs in federal countries? Does federalism undermine aid? Does aid undermine federalism? Or can the political and fiscal relations that define a federal system resolve the contradiction internally? This study explores this paradox via the Promotion of Basic Services program in Ethiopia, the largest donor-financed investment program in the world. Using an original panel database comprising the universe of Ethiopian woredas (districts), the study finds that horizontal (geographic) inequality decreased substantially. Donor-financed block grants to woredas increased the availability of primary education and health care services in the bottom 20 percent of woredas. Weaker evidence from household surveys suggests that vertical inequality across wealth groups (within woredas) also declined, implying that individuals from the poorest households benefit disproportionately from increasing access to and utilization of such services. The evidence suggests that by combining strong upward accountability over public investment with extensive citizen engagement on local issues, Ethiopia's federal system resolves the instrumental dissonance posed by aid-funded programs to combat inequality in a federation.


Book
Blending Top-Down Federalism with Bottom-Up Engagement to Reduce Inequality in Ethiopia
Authors: --- ---
Year: 2015 Publisher: Washington, D.C. : The World Bank,

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Abstract

Donors increasingly fund interventions to counteract inequality in developing countries, where they fear it can foment instability and undermine nation-building efforts. To succeed, aid relies on the principle of upward accountability to donors. But federalism shifts the accountability of subnational officials downward to regional and local voters. What happens when aid agencies fund anti-inequality programs in federal countries? Does federalism undermine aid? Does aid undermine federalism? Or can the political and fiscal relations that define a federal system resolve the contradiction internally? This study explores this paradox via the Promotion of Basic Services program in Ethiopia, the largest donor-financed investment program in the world. Using an original panel database comprising the universe of Ethiopian woredas (districts), the study finds that horizontal (geographic) inequality decreased substantially. Donor-financed block grants to woredas increased the availability of primary education and health care services in the bottom 20 percent of woredas. Weaker evidence from household surveys suggests that vertical inequality across wealth groups (within woredas) also declined, implying that individuals from the poorest households benefit disproportionately from increasing access to and utilization of such services. The evidence suggests that by combining strong upward accountability over public investment with extensive citizen engagement on local issues, Ethiopia's federal system resolves the instrumental dissonance posed by aid-funded programs to combat inequality in a federation.


Book
Decentralization's Effects on Education and Health : Evidence from Ethiopia
Authors: --- ---
Year: 2019 Publisher: Washington, D.C. : The World Bank,

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Abstract

The authors explore the effects of decentralization on education and health in Ethiopia using an original database covering all of the country's regions and woredas (local governments). Ethiopia is a remarkable case in which war, famine and chaos in the 1970s-1980s were followed by federalization, decentralization, rapid growth and dramatic improvements in human development. Did decentralization contribute to these successes? The authors use time series and panel data analyses to show that decentralization improved net enrollments in primary schools and access to antenatal care for pregnant women. The main channel appears to be institutional, not fiscal. The authors offer the database as an additional contribution.


Book
Maternal and Child Health Inequalities in Ethiopia
Authors: --- --- --- --- --- et al.
Year: 2015 Publisher: Washington, D.C. : The World Bank,

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Abstract

Recent surveys show considerable progress in maternal and child health in Ethiopia. The improvement has been in health outcomes and health services coverage. The study examines how different groups have fared in this progress. It tracked 11 health outcome indicators and health interventions related to Millennium Development Goals 1, 4, and 5. These are stunting, underweight, wasting, neonatal mortality, infant mortality, under-five mortality, measles vaccination, full immunization, modern contraceptive use by currently married women, antenatal care visits, and skilled birth attendance. The study explores trends in inequalities by household wealth status, mothers' education, and place of residence. It is based on four Demographic and Health Surveys implemented in 2000, 2005, 2011, and 2014. Trends in rate differences and rate ratios are analyzed. The study also investigates the dynamics of inequalities, using concentration curves for different years. In addition, a decomposition analysis is conducted to identify the role of proximate determinants. The study finds substantial improvements in health outcomes and health services. Although there still exists a considerable gap between the rich and the poor, the study finds some reductions in inequalities of health services. However, some of the improvements in selected health outcomes appear to be pro-rich.


Book
Small Area Estimation of Child Malnutrition in Ethiopian Woredas
Authors: --- --- --- ---
Year: 2016 Publisher: Washington, D.C. : The World Bank,

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Abstract

Reducing child undernutrition is a key social policy objective of the Ethiopian government. espite substantial reduction over the past decade and a half, child undernutrition is still high. With 48 percent of children stunted, underweight, or wasted, undernutrition remains an important child health challenge. The existing literature highlights that the targeting of efforts to reduce undernutrition in Ethiopia is inefficient, in part because of the lack of data and updated information. This paper remedies some of this shortfall by estimating levels of stunting and underweight in each woreda for 2014. The estimates are small area estimations based on the 2014 emographic and Health Survey and the latest population census. It is shown that small area estimations are powerful predictors of undernutrition, even controlling for household characteristics, such as wealth and education, and hence a valuable targeting metric. The results show large variations in share of children undernourished in each region, more than between regions. The results also show that the locations with larger challenges depend on the chosen undernutrition statistic, as the share, number, and concentration of undernourished children point to vastly different locations. There is limited correlation between the shares of children underweight and stunted across woredas, indicating that different locations face different challenges.


Book
Small Area Estimation of Child Malnutrition in Ethiopian Woredas
Authors: --- --- --- ---
Year: 2016 Publisher: Washington, D.C. : The World Bank,

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Abstract

Reducing child undernutrition is a key social policy objective of the Ethiopian government. espite substantial reduction over the past decade and a half, child undernutrition is still high. With 48 percent of children stunted, underweight, or wasted, undernutrition remains an important child health challenge. The existing literature highlights that the targeting of efforts to reduce undernutrition in Ethiopia is inefficient, in part because of the lack of data and updated information. This paper remedies some of this shortfall by estimating levels of stunting and underweight in each woreda for 2014. The estimates are small area estimations based on the 2014 emographic and Health Survey and the latest population census. It is shown that small area estimations are powerful predictors of undernutrition, even controlling for household characteristics, such as wealth and education, and hence a valuable targeting metric. The results show large variations in share of children undernourished in each region, more than between regions. The results also show that the locations with larger challenges depend on the chosen undernutrition statistic, as the share, number, and concentration of undernourished children point to vastly different locations. There is limited correlation between the shares of children underweight and stunted across woredas, indicating that different locations face different challenges.


Book
Maternal and Child Health Inequalities in Ethiopia
Authors: --- --- --- --- --- et al.
Year: 2015 Publisher: Washington, D.C. : The World Bank,

Loading...
Export citation

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Bookmark

Abstract

Recent surveys show considerable progress in maternal and child health in Ethiopia. The improvement has been in health outcomes and health services coverage. The study examines how different groups have fared in this progress. It tracked 11 health outcome indicators and health interventions related to Millennium Development Goals 1, 4, and 5. These are stunting, underweight, wasting, neonatal mortality, infant mortality, under-five mortality, measles vaccination, full immunization, modern contraceptive use by currently married women, antenatal care visits, and skilled birth attendance. The study explores trends in inequalities by household wealth status, mothers' education, and place of residence. It is based on four Demographic and Health Surveys implemented in 2000, 2005, 2011, and 2014. Trends in rate differences and rate ratios are analyzed. The study also investigates the dynamics of inequalities, using concentration curves for different years. In addition, a decomposition analysis is conducted to identify the role of proximate determinants. The study finds substantial improvements in health outcomes and health services. Although there still exists a considerable gap between the rich and the poor, the study finds some reductions in inequalities of health services. However, some of the improvements in selected health outcomes appear to be pro-rich.

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