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This volume presents new and additional information about the physiology and ecology of halophytic plant species and saline ecosystems. The halophytes are highly specialized plants, which have greater tolerance to salt. They can germinate, grow and reproduce successfully in saline areas which would cause the death of regular plants. Most halophytic species are found in salt marsh systems along seashores or around landlocked inland lakes and flat plains with high evaporation. The halophytes play very significant role in the saline areas specially in the coast by overcoming the salinity in different ways, viz. with regulating mechanisms in which excess salts are excreted and with out regulating mechanism, which may include succulents or cumulative types. Besides that they protect coast from erosion and cyclones, provide feeding ground and nursery for fish, shrimps and birds. Halophytes get increasing attention today because of the steady increase of the salinity in irrigation systems in the arid and semi-arid regions where the increasing population reaches the limits of freshwater availability. In many countries, halophytes have been successfully grown on saline wasteland to provide animal fodder and have the potential for rehabilitation and even reclamation of these sites. The value of certain salt-tolerant grass species has been recognized by their incorporation in pasture improvement programs in many salt affected regions throughout the world. There have been recent advances in selecting species with high biomass and protein levels in combination with their ability to survive a wide range of environmental conditions, including salinity. Our limited understanding of how halophytes work, as this may well be our future as our limit of fresh water is reached. It is important that we preserve these unusual plants and their habitats, not just for their aesthetic beauty, but also as a resource for the development of new salt tolerant and halophyte crop of economic importance. Over the last ten years much new information has become available, which is important for agriculture, forestry and floriculture.

Halophytes --- Physiology. --- Ecology. --- Halophilic organisms --- Plants --- Brackish water plants --- Succulent plants --- Botany. --- Landscape ecology. --- Aquatic biology. --- Plant Ecology. --- Plant physiology. --- Plant Sciences. --- Landscape Ecology. --- Freshwater & Marine Ecology. --- Plant Physiology. --- Botany --- Physiology --- Ecology --- Hydrobiology --- Water biology --- Aquatic sciences --- Biology --- Botanical science --- Phytobiology --- Phytography --- Phytology --- Plant biology --- Plant science --- Natural history --- Balance of nature --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Environmental sciences --- Population biology --- Phytoecology --- Vegetation ecology --- Ecology . --- Plant science. --- Aquatic ecology . --- Plant ecology. --- Aquatic biology --- Floristic botany --- Floristic ecology

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This volume presents new and additional information about the physiology and ecology of halophytic plant species and saline ecosystems. The halophytes are highly specialized plants, which have greater tolerance to salt. They can germinate, grow and reproduce successfully in saline areas which would cause the death of regular plants. Most halophytic species are found in salt marsh systems along seashores or around landlocked inland lakes and flat plains with high evaporation. The halophytes play very significant role in the saline areas specially in the coast by overcoming the salinity in different ways, viz. with regulating mechanisms in which excess salts are excreted and with out regulating mechanism, which may include succulents or cumulative types. Besides that they protect coast from erosion and cyclones, provide feeding ground and nursery for fish, shrimps and birds. Halophytes get increasing attention today because of the steady increase of the salinity in irrigation systems in the arid and semi-arid regions where the increasing population reaches the limits of freshwater availability. In many countries, halophytes have been successfully grown on saline wasteland to provide animal fodder and have the potential for rehabilitation and even reclamation of these sites. The value of certain salt-tolerant grass species has been recognized by their incorporation in pasture improvement programs in many salt affected regions throughout the world. There have been recent advances in selecting species with high biomass and protein levels in combination with their ability to survive a wide range of environmental conditions, including salinity. Our limited understanding of how halophytes work, as this may well be our future as our limit of fresh water is reached. It is important that we preserve these unusual plants and their habitats, not just for their aesthetic beauty, but also as a resource for the development of new salt tolerant and halophyte crop of economic importance. Over the last ten years much new information has become available, which is important for agriculture, forestry and floriculture.

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This is the fourth volume of the sabkha ecosystem series in Tasks for Vegetation Science. More than ten years have passed since the publication of the first volume, dealing with the Arabian Peninsula and adjacent countries. Volume two provided information on West and Central Asia, volume three on Africa and Southern Europe, where a lack of scientific capacity in this specialized field of saline dry lands was noticed. This is why volume three was comparatively thin. For the current volume however, we had almost thirty contributions, highlighting the importance of halophyte research and development, with a view to establishing pilot-farms, for food production, biofuel, analyzing atmospheric carbon sequestration, and also as places for ex situ halophyte biodiversity conservation. Two more volumes are planned, one on the sabkha ecosystems of the Americas and another one on Asia-Pacific, to conclude the global geographical coverage.

Salt marsh ecology --- Coastal ecology --- Data processing. --- Salt marshes --- Saltmarsh ecology --- Tidal marsh ecology --- Tide marsh ecology --- Tidemarsh ecology --- Marsh ecology --- Seashore ecology --- Ecology --- Environmental sciences. --- Life sciences. --- Sustainable development. --- Environment, general. --- Life Sciences, general. --- Energy, general. --- Education, general. --- Sustainable Development. --- Development, Sustainable --- Ecologically sustainable development --- Economic development, Sustainable --- Economic sustainability --- ESD (Ecologically sustainable development) --- Smart growth --- Sustainable development --- Sustainable economic development --- Economic development --- Biosciences --- Sciences, Life --- Science --- Environmental science --- Environmental aspects --- Environment. --- Energy. --- Education. --- Children --- Education, Primitive --- Education of children --- Human resource development --- Instruction --- Pedagogy --- Schooling --- Students --- Youth --- Civilization --- Learning and scholarship --- Mental discipline --- Schools --- Teaching --- Training --- Education --- Balance of nature --- Biology --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Environmental sciences --- Population biology

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Halophytes. --- Food security. --- Arid regions agriculture. --- Dryland agriculture --- Dryland farming --- Agriculture --- Crop zones --- Desert reclamation --- Food deserts --- Food insecurity --- Insecurity, Food --- Security, Food --- Human security --- Food supply --- Halophilic organisms --- Plants --- Brackish water plants --- Succulent plants

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Sabkha Ecosystems Volume I: The Arabian Peninsula and Adjacent Countries was published in 2002. It was the first comprehensive volume dealing with the subject of sabkha research, and sabkha environmental management. Valuable new information was provided for the sabkha of numerous countries on and adjacent to the Arabian Peninsula. This new volume now follows up on this important process, and provides data and information on salt desert ecosystems of numerous West and Central Asian countries, including many of which are located in the Arabian Peninsula. The information provided assists the reader to better understand sabkha geology, hydrology, geomorphology, zoology, botany, ecology, ecosystem functioning, as well as sabkha conservation, utilisation, and development. The volume is paramount literature for anyone dealing with sabkha research and development.

Geology. Earth sciences --- General ecology and biosociology --- Zoology --- ecologie --- geologie --- zoölogie --- ecosystemen