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How can a country turn oil revenues into a blessing rather than a curse? With growing international interest in new offshore oil deposits in sub-Saharan Africa, there is also greater scrutiny of the reasons why many oil-producing countries in the region have experienced disappointing economic performance over the past 20 to 30 years. This paper discusses the latest thinking on best-practice institutions and policies, compares this thinking with current practice in African oil-exporting countries, and presents a plan for the future, taking into account African policymakers’concerns.

Fiscal policy --- Petroleum industry and trade --- Africa, Sub-Saharan --- Economic policy. --- Energy industries --- Oil industries --- Tax policy --- Taxation --- Economic policy --- Finance, Public --- Government policy --- Investments: Energy --- Foreign Exchange --- Macroeconomics --- Industries: Energy --- Business Taxes and Subsidies --- Energy: General --- Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation: General --- Energy: Demand and Supply --- Prices --- Public finance & taxation --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Investment & securities --- Petroleum, oil & gas industries --- Oil, gas and mining taxes --- Oil --- Oil sector --- Oil prices --- Exchange rate arrangements --- Taxes --- Commodities --- Economic sectors --- Equatorial Guinea, Republic of

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Debt relief and the scaling up of aid to low-income countries should allow for greater fiscal space for expenditure programs to create long-term growth and lower poverty rates. But designing a suitable medium-term fiscal framework that fosters a sustainable delivery of better public services and infrastructure while maintaining a credible commitment to fiscal prudence confronts many challenges. This paper discusses what low-income countries can do to shape fiscal policy frameworks that are ambitious in trying to absorb additional aid while still ensuring longer-term sustainability for government expenditure programs and finances. It suggests what approaches can be used to manage the greater fiscal policy risks associated with a scaled-up aid environment, including coordination with monetary policy. The paper also discusses what institutional changes are needed if donors and countries are to facilitate the implementation of a higher level of aid-financed spending programs.

Electronic books. -- local. --- Finance, Public. --- Fiscal policy. --- Political Science --- Law, Politics & Government --- Public Finance --- Cameralistics --- Public finance --- Tax policy --- Taxation --- Government policy --- Currency question --- Economic policy --- Finance, Public --- Public finances --- Budgeting --- Exports and Imports --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- National Budget --- Budget Systems --- Fiscal Policy --- Foreign Aid --- Public finance & taxation --- Budgeting & financial management --- Macroeconomics --- International economics --- Expenditure --- Budget planning and preparation --- Fiscal policy --- Public financial management (PFM) --- Aid flows --- Expenditures, Public --- Budget --- Economic assistance --- Tanzania, United Republic of

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This companion volume to Literary Snippets: Colophons Across Space and Time (Gorgias Press, 2023) gives examples of colophons from the Ancient Near East up to the pre-modern world, from different traditions - Akkadian, Hebrew, Arabic, Syriac, and Persian. Colophons typically provide their readers with the historical context in which the scribe produced his or her work: Who was the scribe? When and where was the manuscript produced? For whom was it produced and who paid for it? But colophons are far more rich. They are literary works in their own right, having a style and rhetoric independent of the main literary text of the manuscript. Some are assertive, providing contextual data about the scribe/publisher and manuscript/book; others are expressive, demonstrating the scribe's feelings and wishes. Some are directive, asking the reader for an action; others declarative, providing all sorts of statements about the scribe/publisher or even the reader. The latter sometimes provide historical facts otherwise lost to history: wars, earthquakes, religious events, and legal agreements. Through the colophons and translations in this volume we hope to present the colophon as a literary genre, and as literature to be studied, read and enjoyed.

Colophons of manuscripts. --- Manuscripts --- HISTORY / Ancient / General. --- History.